3150bb
UNITED STATES
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT
FINAL REPORT
State : Massachusetts
Sub-Project No.: 3-287-R-5
Project Title: Coastwide Fishery Resource Assessment
Sub-Project Title: Fishery Resource Assessment, Coastal Massachusetts
Period covered: January 21, 1982 - January 20, 1983
Prepared by: Arnold B. Howe, Senior Marine Fisheries Biologist Date: 5/1U/8M-
Thomas P. Currier, Marine Fisheries Biologist
Sherry L. Sass, Assistant Marine Fieheries Biologist
Brian C. Kelly, Assistant Marine Fisheries Biologist
Approved by :
Assistant Director Date
\s
nOVERNMENT OOCUMEK
COLLECTION
FEB 7 1985
University of Massachusetts
Depository Copy
PUBLICATION: #13639-I30-70-6-84-CR
APPROVED BY Daniel Carter, State Purchasing Agent
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries
http://archive.org/details/coastwidefishery8283mass
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Number
LIST OF FIGURES, JOB 1
LIST OF TABLES, JOB 1
ABSTRACT i
Job 1: Fishery Resource Assessment, Coastal Massachusetts
INTRODUCTION 1
FIELD AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 1
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2
SPRING CRUISE #8291 3
AUTUMN CRUISE #8292 4
YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER 6
WINTER FLOUNDER 8
SUMMER FLOUNDER 12
SCUP 12
LONGFIN SQUID 14
OVERVIEW 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 18
REFERENCES 18
Job 2: Evaluation of winter flounder year-class strength
INTRODUCTION 21
METHODS 21
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23
REFERENCES 24
LIST OF FIGURES, JOB 1
Sampling strata used in Massachusetts DMF inshore bottom survey . . . Figure 1
Mean bottom water temperatures encountered on spring (— — ) and
autumn ( ) cruises of Massachusetts inshore waters, 1978-82 . . . Figure 2
Yellowtail flounder length frequencies (percent at length)
from spring and autumn inshore Massachusetts research surveys,
1978-82 Figure 3
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for yellowtail flounder from Massa-
chusetts inshore waters Figure 4
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for winter flounder from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 5
Winter flounder mean indices of abundance (0) and 95% confidence
interval (bracket) from spring surveys by Massachusetts inshore
region, 1978-1982 Figure 6
Winter flounder length-frequencies (percent at length) from
spring and autumn inshore Massachusetts research surveys,
1978-1982 Figure 7
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for summer flounder from Massachusetts
inshore waters .... Figure 8
Summer flounder length- frequencies (percent at length) from
spring and autumn inshore Massachusetts research surveys,
1978-1982 Figure 9
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( ) research
vessel surveys for scup from Massachusetts inshore waters Figure 10
Scup length-frequencies (percent at length) from spring and
autumn inshore Massachusetts research surveys, 1978-1982 Figure 11
Loligo length-frequencies (percent at length) from spring and
autumn inshore Massachusetts research surveys, 1978-1982 Figure 12
Indices of abundance from spring (-^ — ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for longfin squid from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 13
Autumn DMF inshore bottom trawl survey prerecruit (_< 8 cm)
indices for Loligo pealei compared to subsequent spring
number indices (all sizes) and Massachusetts commercial
landings (rr — ) , 1978-1982 Figure 14
LIST OF FIGURES, JOB 1 (continued)
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for Atlantic cod from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 15
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for haddock from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 16
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for silver hake from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 17
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for red hake from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 18
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for white hake from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 19
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for black sea bass from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 20
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for tautog from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 21
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for ocean pout from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 22
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for northern searobin from Massa-
chusetts inshore waters Figure 23
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for longhorn sculpin from Massa-
chusetts inshore waters Figure 24
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for American plaice from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 25
Indices of abundnace from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for witch flounder from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 26
LIST OF FIGURES, JOB 1 (continued)
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for windowpane from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 27
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for Atlantic herring from Massa-
chusetts inshore waters Figure 28
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for butterfish from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 29
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for sand lance from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 30
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for spiny dogfish from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 31
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for little skate from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 32
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for winter skate from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 33
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for American lobster from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 34
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for rock crab from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 35
Indices of abundance from spring ( ) and autumn ( )
research vessel surveys for all species from Massachusetts
inshore waters Figure 36
LIST OF TABLES, JOB 1
Allotment of sampling effort to Massachusetts inshore strata, 1982
survey cruises Table
Summary of Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries bottom trawl
survey cruises effort and results, Massachusetts territorial waters,
1978-1982 Table
Weight (kilograms) and number for species collected during the
1982 spring and autumn bottom trawl surveys, Massachusetts
territorial waters Table
Stratified mean number per tow of age 1 (5-22 cm) yellowtail
flounder from DMF spring and autumn research vessel surveys in
Massachusetts inshore waters, 1978-1982 Table
Stratified mean catch per tow in number for prerecruit and all size
winter flounder for regions 1-5, Massachusetts DMF inshore spring
bottom trawl survey, 1978-1982 Table
Stratified mean number per tow of age 0, age 1, and adult scup
taken in Massachusetts inshore bottom trawl surveys, spring and
autumn, 1978-1982 Table
Total and prerecruit ( < 8 cm) stratified mean numbers per tow of
longfin squid from DMF autumn research vessel surveys in Massa-
chusetts inshore waters Table
Percentage of prerecruit fish of 23 commercially valuable species
taken by region (principal abundance) and coastwide on combined
1978-82 Massachusetts spring inshore surveys Table
Average bottom temperature by depth interval and region, Massa-
chusetts inshore bottom trawl surveys, spring and autumn,
1982 Appendix Table
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed)
by length- frequency intervals for regions 1-5,
Massachusetts inshore bottom trawl surveys,
spring and autumn, 1982
Atlantic cod Appendix Table
Haddock Appendix Table
Silver hake Appendix Table
Red hake Appendix Table
White hake Appendix Table
2
3
5
6
LIST OF TABLES, JOB 1 (continued)
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed)
by length- frequency intervals for regions 1-5,
Massachusetts inshore bottom trawl surveys,
spring and autumn, 1982
Scup
Black sea bass
Tautog
Ocean pout
Northern searobin
Longhorn sculp in
Yellowtail flounder
Winter flounder
Summer flounder
American plaice
Witch flounder
Windowpane
Atlantic herring
Butterfish
Sand lance
Spiny dogfish
Little skate
Winter skate
Longfin squid
American lobster
Rock crab
Appendix
Table
7
Appendix
Table
8
Appendix
Table
9
Appendix
Table
10
Appendix
Table
11
Appendix
Table
12
Appendix
Table
13
Appendix
Table
14
Appendix
Table
15
Appendix
Table
16
Appendix
Table
17
Appendix
Table
18
Appendix
Table
19
Appendix
Table
20
Appendix
Table
21
Appendix
Table
22
Appendix
Table
23
Appendix
Table
2H
Appendix
Table
25
Appendix
Table
26
Appendix
Table
27
ABSTRACT
In 1982 the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries concluded a five
year, standardized bottom trawl survey program for independently monitoring
fish stocks during May and September in state territorial waters (Job #1).
The resulting computerized database consisted of species catch (weight, number,
and length- frequency) from 965 randomly selected stations which were stratified
by depth zones and distributed with a sampling intensity of One station per
20 sq n mi.
In spring 1982, average coastwide bottom water temperature was the
coldest encountered in the five-year timeseries. Spring indices of abundance
for the majority of 26 species either remained at about the same relatively
high level of biomass noted in 1981 or declined to levels noted in 1980. For
principal groundfish (Atlantic cod, haddock, yellowtail flounder, and winter
flounder), prerecruit and all other size category indices declined. East and
south of Cape Cod, age cod (Georges Bank stock) were well-distributed but
only half as abundant as in 1981. Summer flounder and longfin squid were more
abundant because of good recruitment.
By autumn, average bottom temperature declined 2.1° C from the 1981 mean,
reversing a 1979-81 upward trend. A two- to three-year downward trend in
abundance for many species was reversed. All north-temperate flounder species
and juvenile Atlantic herring indices were elevated. The yellowtail flounder
index of 1-year-olds indicated that the 1981 year-class was below average in
strength (Cape Cod ground stock). No yearling haddock were caught (Gulf of
Maine stock). Catch-per-tow at age doubled from 1981 for scup, black sea bass,
butt erf ish, and longfin squid.
Seasonal distribution and movements, trends in abundance, and assessment
of age groups, including pre-exploitable and recruiting size groups were
described for five important species commercially fished in state waters. For
yellowtail flounder ( Limanda ferruginea ), a seasonal, inshore migration of
yearlings was documented; their catch indices in autumn provided a forecast of
year-class strength and recruitment to the Cape Cod ground fishery. After
excessive 1980 cropping of a strong 1978 cohort, the fishery became largely
dependent upon an equally strong 1979 year class which sustained catches through
1982.
Winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ) seasonal movements,
related to water temperature, were consistent with earlier tagging results for
adult fish; juveniles, moving less extensively, were found to be available to
capture in most study regions at depths < 27 m. Length- frequency modes reflect
predominance of fast-growing fish in spring and slower-growing individuals of
the same cohort in autumn. Only the 1977 cohort, first appearing in the 1978
research catch, appeared dominant. Trends in prerecruit and total abundance
indices were downward in most study regions.
Nearly all summer flounder ( Paralichthys dentatus ) caught were larger
than 33 cm (age 3 and older). Inshore abundance declined through 1980, then
rose to a high in 1982 because of strong recruitment of the 1979 year-class.
A decrease in the survey catch of fluke greater than 50 cm after 1980 may be
an indication of growth overfishing.
Until 1981, spring scup ( Stenotomus chrysops ) catches consisted largely
of prespawning age 2 and older fish. Since then, 1- and 2-year-olds have
dominated; this shift may be related to lower water temperatures delaying inshore
migration of adults. Autumn indices of age fish, which comprise over 90% of
the fall catch, have not proven predictive of recruiting year-classes as evidenced
by spring survey indices.
In southern Massachusetts inshore waters, September spawning of longfin
squid ( Loligo pealei ) appears to be more important than summer spawning. A
"late" 1981 cohort and "early" 1982 cohort contributed to exceptional 1983
spring abundance levels. Recruitment has been relatively independent of spawn-
ing stock abundance. Trends in autumn prerecruit indices track the following
spring's survey catch and mirror annual Massachusetts commercial landings.
A standardized beach seining survey designed to quantify winter flounder
spawning success in southern Cape Cod estuaries was evaluated as a predictor of
recruitment to the stock unit (Job #2). The 1977 year-class was reliably
assessed as the strongest in the survey timeseries (1975-1982). It proved to
be a major component of research trawl catches from at least 1978 through 1980,
evidently enhancing stock biomass as reflected by high 1980 and 1981 commercial
landings .
li
Job 1: Fishery Resource Assessment, Coastal Massachusetts
INTRODUCTION
In 1978, the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) initiated
a semiannual survey of fishes in the state's territorial sea as described by a
three nautical mile wide border extending from Rhode Island to New Hampshire
boundaries including Cape Cod Bay and, for survey purposes, Nantucket Sound
(1,913 sq n mi). Specific cruise objectives were to: 1) estimate relative
abundance of groundfish and certain shellfish species by weight and number;
2) determine periodic trends in finfish abundance, population structure, and
species composition; 3) collect information on age and growth, maturity, food
habits, mortality, and recruitment; 4) describe fish distribution in relation
to temperature, salinity, and depth.
This study was partially funded through the Commercial Fisheries Research
and Development Act (PL 88-309) under Project 3-287-R for five years (1978-82).
It will continue through 1985 under Project 3-375-R. Reports on cruises con-
ducted from 1978-81 have been completed. This report describes the general
status and standard indices of abundance of major fisheries surveyed on the
1982 cruises. In this final report of the original 5-year project, we also
analyze the record of seasonal abundance and distribution for five species of
principal importance to fishermen of state territorial waters (yellowtail
flounder, winter flounder, summer flounder, scup, and longfin squid).
FIELD AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The F/V FRANCES ELIZABETH (55', 170 SHP) had been chartered for the first
eight survey cruises. In 1982, because of state budgetary reductions, the DMF
engaged the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) newly
acquired R/V GLORIA MICHELLE (65', 365 SHP) to insure its future availability.
The DMF provided the standard sampling gear - a 3/4 North Atlantic type
two seam trawl (39' headrope/51' footrope). Net mesh varied depending upon the
section (3.5, 2.5, 1.5") and the codend liner measured 0.64 cm (0.25"). The
trawl was fished with a rubber disc (3.0") chain sweep, rectangular wooden doors
(6' x 40", 325 lbs), and 10 fathom legs.
Changing vessels led us to consider differences in the vessels' fishing
power, gear handling, and maintenance. With respect to the former, the GLORIA
MICHELLE was able to "down power" and fish the trawl in a manner consistent with
the trawl's performance on the FRANCES ELIZABETH. Gear performance trials under-
taken aboard the latter vessel in 1981 and on the GLORIA MICHELLE in 1983,
maintaining standard gear operation factors, showed identical average fishing
height (5') and wingspread (24'). A comparative fishing study between the two
vessels was not undertaken because of budgetary and time considerations.
The study area was divided into physiographic regions which were sub-
divided into depth zones, i.e., strata (Figure 1). Individual strata were
grouped by region (strata set) to make data meaningful for resource managers.
The regions are: 1) Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, and coastal water south of
Martha's Vineyard; 2) Nantucket Sound; 3) East of Cape Cod, Race Point to
Muskeget Island; 4) Cape Cod Bay; and, 5) Massachusetts Bay north to the New
Hampshire border.
One hundred stations were allocated to strata approximately in pro-
portion to the area of each stratum (Table 1). Prior to 1982, station selection
was undertaken at sea (i.e., the trawl was set on first-encountered trawlable
bottom within each depth stratum) except in Cape Cod Bay where from September,
1980, we utilized a conventional randomized pre-selection method. Based on our
increasing familiarity with the study area's substratum, and to further minimize
steaming time, a randomized station selection method was adopted for all sam-
pling regions beginning with the spring 1982 cruise. As on previous surveys,
20-minute tows were made along depth contours at a speed of 2.5 knots with the
trawl warp scoped at 3:1.
In processing the catch, standard survey techniques and trawl logs were
employed. Following the catch sort by species, weights and length- frequencies
were recorded. Materials for ageing, requested special samples, and biological
observations were routinely collected.
Standard survey abundance indices were generated using the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution's Digital VAX-11 computer and Northeast Fisheries
Center (NEFC) software modified to accept DMF inshore strata designations and
limits, areal weighting coefficients, and sampling gear. Our completed trawl
logs were entered by NEFC personnel and keyed. Station and biological data
files were subjected to audit programs in order to detect recording and entry
errors. Corrected files were again keyed and converted from fixed to variable
length records, then processed by the survey analysis program (SURVAN).
For each designated species, SURVAN computed by stratum the mean,
variance, and standard error of the mean for catch/ tow in weight (kilograms) and
number and produced an average individual weight. These same species' statistics
were also generated for each strata set and for the entire cruise. A species'
catch length- frequency listing (i.e., stratified mean number/tow at 1 cm intervals)
for each stratum, strata set, and cruise was also derived from SURVAN. Total
weight and number by species for each tow, stratum, and cruise were computed by
the SPPTOT program.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A summary of 1982 survey cruise effort and collections is presented in
Table 2 along with data from all previous cruises. A total of 87 fish and
shellfish species was collected and processed during the 1982 surveys (Table 3).
SPRING CRUISE #8291
A prolonged period of easterly winds in May undoubtedly suppressed normal
seasonal warming of the inshore water. Except in region 2, average bottom water
temperatures were the coldest encountered in the timeseries (Figure 2, Appendix
Table 1), averaging 7.8° C on a coastwide basis, 0.7° C colder than in 1981:
SPRING
Average Temperature (°C) Average Salinity (%o)
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Cruise Dates
12 May- 11 Jun
30 Apr- 2 7 May
5 May- 24 May
6 May- 21 May
4 May- 21 May
Surface
Bottom
Surface
13.1
10.7
30.9
11.2
8.9
30.9
10.6
9.1
31.9
9.8
8.5
30.7
10.2
7.8
31.9
In spring 1981, abundance indices for many dominant species increased
dramatically. We believe that the relatively depressed spring temperatures
delayed the seasonal offshore movement of many groundfish and other stocks,
temporarily retaining fish in the study area.
In 1982, except for several migratory species that had not moved inshore
in number, the majority of species either remained at about the same relatively
high level of biomass noted in 1981 (e.g., ocean pout, +1%; windowpane, +2%;
sand lance, -1%; and longhorn sculpin, -6%) or declined to lower levels, cor-
responding for the most part to those noted in 1980. The spring "all species"
biomass index was 5% lower in 1982 than 1981. The corresponding number index
was unduly influenced by one very large catch of mussels (Table 3).
Among the species principally caught by us in the inshore waters of the
Gulf of Maine, prerecruit-size ( < 37 cm) Atlantic cod were about one- third as
abundant as in 1981. In comparison to the previous four years, age (< 14 cm)
cod were taken in very low numbers, which suggests a weak 1982 year-class (Gulf
of Maine stock). Although age 1 haddock were present in low numbers in 1980
and 1981, they were virtually nonexistent in 1982 indicating that the 1981
cohort was even weaker than the previous two year-classes. Survey catch bio-
mass of red, white, and silver hake was more than 75% lower than in 1981, with
each species' index at a timeseries low.
For each of the north-temperate flounders, biomass increased in 1981 but
declined in 1982 (reductions of 31% for winter flounder, 23% for American plaice,
70% for witch flounder, and 21% for yellowtail flounder) to catches about equal
to those of 1980. Numbers of all size yellowtail flounder declined by 49% this
spring. The 1982 prerecruit index was the lowest in the timeseries at 1.8 fish/
tow.
Rock crab biomass (1.55 kg/tow) was 26% lower than in spring, 1981.
American lobster biomass declined by 64% reflecting reduced availability and
lower spring catches experienced by commercial lobster fishermen.
Atlantic herring abundance continued its downward trend to a timeseries
low. For the third consecutive spring, juvenile sea herring (ages 1 and 2,
*< 23 cm) catches declined in Cape Cod Bay.
The situation east and south of Cape Cod was somewhat different. Species
showing general increases in biomass, i.e., where no especially strong-recruiting
size groups were evident, included tautog (108%), northern searobin (105%), and
spiny dogfish (35%).
Elevated catches in particular size categories improved the outlook for
summer flounder (fluke), black sea bass, and longfin squid. The reappearance
of the 1979 cohort of fluke at age 3 raised the abundance index for the second
successive spring; biomass was 32% greater than in 1981 with fish being unusually
concentrated along the outer Cape and Islands (region 3). Although black sea
bass biomass declined by 31%, the number index remained the same because 20-30 cm
(age 2) sea bass were more abundant. This recruitment was interesting inasmuch as
our autumn, 1980 young-of-the-year (YOY) prerecruit index was higher (51.8 fish/
tow) than in prior years. Longfin squid biomass was 23% higher than in 1981
mainly because 2-19 cm squid (early-and late-spawned 1981 cohorts) were more
abundant .
The adult scup (> 15 cm) number index (3.0 fish/tow) was the lowest we
have observed and interestingly follows 1981 surveys in which yearlings (< 14 cm)
had been very abundant. The current low adult scup abundance may be partly
explained by the colder bottom water temperatures.
As in 1981, YOY cod of the Georges Bank stock were ubiquitously distributed
from Provincetown to Buzzards Bay, although our total catch was less than one-
half of the previous year. It is premature to suggest what these observations
indicate for the Georges Bank cod stock. DMF personnel recently noted that spring
survey catches of 4-7 cm brit Atlantic herring in Buzzards Bay did serve as a
harbinger of relatively large intertidal sampling catches of brit in southern
Cape Cod estuaries one month later (Howe et. al 1983).
AUTUMN CRUISE #8292
In general, abundance for many commercially important groundfish was higher
than in 1981, and for some species a two- to three-year downward trend was
reversed. Recent autumn survey declines in abundance indices have paralleled a
1980-81 rise in bottom water temperature. In autumn 1982, the average coast-
wide bottom temperature declined 2.1° C:
AUTUMN
Average Temperature (°C) Average Salinity (°/oo)
Cruise Dates
Surface
Bottom
Surface
1978
5 Sep- 2 Oct
16.1
12.8
31.8
1979
11 Sep- 4 Oct
15.3
12.6
31.5
1980
8 Sep-29 Sep
17.8
14.3
31.8
1981
14 Sep- 5 Oct
16.4
15.4
31.7
1982
8 Sep-27 Sep
17.0
13.3
32.5
Moreover, north of Cape Cod it had fallen 2.7°C from the previous year (Figure 2),
In coastal Gulf of Maine waters, young-of-the-year (YOY) haddock appeared
in numbers comparable to 1979 and 1980 fall cruises. The 1982 cohort was more
than twice as abundant as either of these two year-classes in region 5.
Although age 1 haddock were caught in both 1980 and 1981, no yearlings were found
in either the spring or autumn 1982 survey cruise, which confirms the weakness
of the 1981 cohort.
Atlantic cod YOY were about three times more plentiful than in 1981;
however, they were taken in moderate numbers at only two stations, making it
difficult to assess relative year-class strength. Thirty-one percent fewer YOY
and juvenile cod were taken in regions 4 and 5.
Not surprisingly, the temperature-sensitive flounders were more abundant
than in 1981. On a coastwide basis, biomass increased 53% for yellowtail
flounder, 106% for winter flounder, 57% for American plaice, and 218% for witch
flounder. In opposition to the upward trend, white and red hake each declined
by about 40% in biomass; the autumn decrease for red hake was the first we have
observed.
Unlike the two previous fall cruises when the surveys had apparently
preceded the inshore arrival of Atlantic herring stocks, in 1982 we caught fair
numbers of juveniles, primarily in Cape Cod Bay (weight and number increased
78% and 260%, respectively). This was the first autumn survey since 1978 in
which age 1 fish (modal size = 10 cm) were encountered. The 1978 survey catches
also followed our first significant seine hauls of brit herring during June and
July in southern Cape Cod estuaries (Waring and Howe 1978). The 1982 seine
survey observations and bottom trawl survey information suggest that brit
encountered in southern estuaries probably remain in nearshore water, moving
into Cape Cod Bay no later than September.
After nearly disappearing from survey catches in 1981, rock crabs showed
an eight-fold increase in number, returning to catch levels noted in 1978-80.
American lobster biomass remained about the same as in 1980-81.
Principally found east of Cape Cod in September, spiny dogfish were taken
in the greatest quantities since 1978 (360.28 kg/tow). Sand lance and winter
skate (155. 64 kg/tow) were also especially plentiful. Mainly on the strength
of one 30,389 sand lance catch, abundance indices rose to a timeseries high.
Coastwide, northern searobin, windowpane, and little skate biomasses were 125%,
84%, and 50% greater, respectively, than in 1981.
Young-of-the-year of dominant warm-temperate and mid-Atlantic species
were taken in larger numbers than in 1981. The prerecruit index (number per
tow at age 0) for scup from the 1982 autumn survey (1,997.8) increased 125%
over the 1981 index (871.4); the butterfish index increased 108% (75.7 to 157.6);
the longfin squid ( Loligo ) index increased 158% (248.1 to 640.0); and the black sea
bass index showed a six- fold increase (34.3 to 216.7). Except for a higher
butterfish prerecruit index recorded in 1980, these were the strongest indicators
of production increases noted to date. As observed during the spring cruise,
catches of adult scup remained at their lowest level in five years.
Survey data has documented the resurgence of the summer flounder stock
since young fish were first noted in spring, 1980. For the third consecutive
year, fall survey catches were higher than the previous year (biomass up 116%
from 1981). Distribution and abundance were somewhat abnormal in that one-
third of the catch occurred in Cape Cod Bay; however, this was expected because
of an indication from the spring survey that an unusual number of fluke appeared
to be heading north around Cape Cod.
Another species displaying somewhat atypical distribution and abundance
was silver hake. Though the coastwide biomass index was lower by 46% due to a
decline in weight-per-tow north of Cape Cod (Gulf of Maine stock), the coast-
wide number index increased 54% because of the highest catches of Y0Y we have
observed in regions 1-3. In light of ongoing stock discrimination studies in
the Georges Bank/Middle Atlantic area, the 1982 year-class will be particularly
interesting to follow when it recruits to the fishery.
YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER
The most important commercial flatfish taken in seasonal catches north
and east of Cape Cod, yellowtail flounder are infrequently caught within state
territorial waters off southern Massachusetts. Those taken within the "Cape
Cod ground", which extends from the eastern shore of Cape Cod to around Cape
Ann (9-64 m) constitute a distinguishable, though not completely discrete
group (Lux 1963). Cape Cod ground yellowtail flounder are considered together
with groups on Southern New England and Middle Atlantic offshore grounds as one
management unit (West of 69° W).
Unpublished tagging data indicate limited northward migration within the
Cape Cod ground (F.E. Lux, personnel communication, 1975); however, movements
are thought to be relatively localized and mainly offshore/onshore in response
to vernal warming and autumnal cooling, respectively. Movements and aggregations
may also be prompted by food supply or spawning, which peaks in June (Scott 1954).
^■^■■fl
In May, we find commercially fishable concentrations in all depth zones
of region 5 and in depths > 18 m in regions 3 and 4; a general distributional
shift shoalward occurred in the latter regions in 1981 and cannot be explained
by seasonal temperature variation. By September, yellowtail are usually con-
centrated at depths greater than 28 m in region 3 and between 18 and 37 m in
regions 4 and 5. Yellowtail flounder occur when spring and autumn bottom
temperatures range from M— 12°C and 7-15°C, respectively, and seem to prefer
temperatures between H-8°C in spring and 7-11° C in autumn.
Most of the survey catch is represented by age groups 1-3, as identified
by length- frequency modes (Figure 3). For the spring cruises, consistent modes
at approximately 24 cm and 36 cm correspond to ages 2 and 3. A minor mode at 11
cm represents age 1 fish. In contrast, autumn length-frequencies show major
modes at approximately 19 cm and 29 cm, corresponding to one-and two-year-olds
(Lux and Nichy 1969). Clearly, autumn catches when compared to spring's yield
more yearling fish and fewer age 3 or older fish. We believe that the loss of
age 3 and older fish can be attributed to a combination of seasonal offshore
movement and fishing mortality, as this age group is almost completely recruited
to the spring fishery. Because age-group 1 fish compose only a minor component
of spring catches, and 10-15 cm flatfish (e.g., winter flounder and American
plaice) have always proven vulnerable to our survey trawl, we conclude that sub-
stantial numbers of yearling yellowtail flounder move shoalward into state
territorial waters annually between May and September. Age 1 fish are common
in water as shoal as 18 m in autumn. A seasonal dispersion inshore of prerecruit
fish has not been described in published scientific literature. It is a pos-
sible explanation of why some yellowtail flounder inhabiting only the Cape Cod
ground are infected by "black spot" ( Cryptocotyle lingua ) , a parasitic trematode
shed by periwinkles living close to shore (Lux 1963).
Because yellowtail flounder do not enter the. commercial catch until age
2, the September research catch of 1-year-olds provides an estimate of relative
abundance of prerecruits and an indication of year-class strength. From an
age-length key compiled from over 600 age 1 and 2 yellowtail flounder sampled
over the first seven cruises, we established the respective length ranges shown
in Table 4 and derived corresponding catch-per-tow-at-age data. The autumn
survey indices provide the basis for our tentative conclusions: the 1978 and
1979 year-classes were very strong; the 1977 and 1981 year-classes were fair;
and the 1980 year-class was poor.
The possibility that the seasonal influx of one-year-olds is temperature-
related and that we may have surveyed prior to their complete inshore re- location
thereby misjudging year-class strength cannot be discounted. So far, the
evidence is inconclusive. For instance, the 1977 year class, assessed as "fair"
in autumn, 1978 also appeared to be of similar strength from spring and autumn
1979 data (Figure 3). Yearlings of the 1980 cohort were "poorly" represented
in autumn, 1981, when mean bottom water temperatures in regions 3-5 were at a
five-year high (Figure 2). The subsequent spring survey catch indicated com-
parable weakness for the two-year-olds; however, in autumn, 1982, they showed
the highest modal length percentage observed to date, thereby confounding the
assessment for this cohort. The 1981 cohort cannot be reassessed until the 1983
data is finalized.
Because yellowtail flounder biomass is higher in our spring survey, the
May cruise offers the best measure of relative changes in abundance on the Cape
Cod ground (Figure 4). From 1978 through 1980, the cruise biomass index
fluctuated between 6.01 and 6.90 kg/tow. The index rose to 9.81 kg/tow in 1981
but one year later, declined to 7.72 kg/tow. Although both 1978 and 1979 year-
classes were very strong as prerecruits, the distinct upturn in biomass in
spring, 1981 appears to be mainly attributable to the 1979 year-class (Figure 3).
We believe that the very strong 1978 year-class was excessively cropped
as two-year-olds before the spring, 1980 survey commenced. This possibility is
supported by the following information. The yellowtail flounder resource and
fishery for the 1979-80 fishing year (beginning October 1, 1979) was managed
under an increasingly complicated management regime involving quarterly quotas,
vessel class allocations, trip limits, etc. As described by Pierce (1982),
the regulations encouraged an early harvest of recruiting, largely immature
fish, which made up a considerable portion of the available stock on the grounds.
By the end of the first quarter of the fishing year, 3,378 MT or two-thirds of
annual optimum yield for the management unit (West of 69°W) was caught. On the
Cape Cod ground, 1980 fishing effort increased 25% from the previous historical
high of 1979 and landings reached an all-time high (McBride and Clark 1983).
It also should be noted that our survey length-frequencies show a reduction of
fish over 40 cm (age group 4 and older) after 1980 which may be an indication
of increased fishing mortality.
Following the rapid depletion of the 1978 cohort during 1980, the equally
strong 1979 year-class was dominant in 1981 and because of an apparently weak
1980 cohort, largely sustained the fishery through spring, 1982 (Figure 3),
These research vessel observations show that during a period of increased effort,
with landings above historical levels, the Cape Cod ground fishery became
principally dependent upon the size of the recruiting year-class.
WINTER FLOUNDER
Winter flounder (blackback) have always been important to Massachusetts
marine interests. Historically, local ports contribute 75% of annual U,S, com-
mercial landings and a major portion of the northeast coast's recreational
catch occurs in state waters (45% in 1979 NMFS Recreational Survey).
The winter flounder's breeding biology and the behavior and distribution
of larvae and juveniles affects formation of local population units along the
coast. Defined "groups" consist of an assemblage of adjacent estuarine spawning
units (Pierce and Howe 1977). By inhabiting distinctive areas in passing from
larval to adult phase, each group's offspring are subjected to different environ-
mental conditions and local fishing pressure. The relative geographic isolation
of groups partly explains variable growth and exploitation rates reported in the
scientific literature and provided the basis that management regulations should
be of a local nature (Perlmutter 1946). However, this parochial viewpoint has
contributed to deferring management responsibility because the blackback
resource and fishery overlaps jurisdictional boundaries. Progressive initiatives
have also been thwarted because winter flounder, although an integral component
of mixed trawl fisheries, are usually of secondary importance to cod, haddock,
or yellowtail flounder in commercial catches as well as in management priority.
8
The New England Fishery Management Council is now placing this species in the
developing multispecies Atlantic Demersal Finfish Plan.
In this section, we review DMF survey data from both a regional and
coastwide perspective in order to provide additional insight to State and
Federal managers. The survey's regional (strata set) bounds conform to tradi-
tional inshore fishing practices, state trawling regulations, and in the case
of the boundary at the tip of the Cape Cod peninsula (separating regions 3 and
4), to a line of demarcation between major, inshore winter flounder population
groups (Lux et al. 1970; Pierce and Howe 1977).
In May, winter flounder are taken in nearly every survey tow but are
most common in depths < 27 m. Over the spring timeseries, biomass indices
have been highest in region 4 (20.11 kg/tow), followed by region 1 (19.40 kg/tow),
region 2 (17.88 kg/tow), region 5 (17.28 kg/tow) and region 3 (10.57 kg/tow).
Overall, 24% of spring-caught fish were of commercial size (> 32 cm). The
breakdown by region is as follows: region 3, 44%; region 2, 38%; region 4, 25%;
region 1, 24%; and region 5, 19%. These percentages reflect the seasonal move-
ment of assemblages of fish, specifically, the local extent to which mature and
immature flounder had dispersed from estuarine spawning and nursery grounds to
coastal water. Size-dependent differences in bathymetric distribution were not
evident from spring survey data.
Autumn indices of abundance show the extent of migration differences
between area assemblages. There were consistent regional biomass declines
from spring south of Cape Cod, 96% in region 1 (0.75 kg/tow) and 98% in region 2
(0.44 kg/tow). This indicates that mature fish had not returned inshore from
summer, offshore areas (Howe and Coates 1975). Juveniles, more tolerent of
high temperatures than older fish (Huntsman and Sparks 1924), remain abundant
in local estuaries (Howe et al. 1976) where September water temperatures are
*v* 23°C, but were not usually found in any abundance in deeper coastal water
O 16-20°C; Figure 2).
Region 3, despite a 55% drop in biomass (5.07 kg/tow), was the only
coastal area where the percentage of autumn-caught fish larger than 32 cm C44%)
was the same as during spring. This suggests that adults and juveniles begin
returning inshore earlier or inhabit the coastal water during summer months to
a greater extent than is apparent south of Cape Cod.
Autumn changes in abundance were substantially different north of Cape
Cod; declines in biomass were only 3% in region 4 (19.50 kg/tow) and 5% in
region 5 (16.44 kg/tow) but blackback larger than 32 cm constituted just 9% and
14% of region 4 and 5 catches, respectively. Here, a reduced population of
adult fish was augmented by juveniles moving deeper from estuarine habitat.
The adult emigration was particularly evident from tag returns outside territorial
waters north of Cape Ann (Howe and Coates 1975). The movement of juveniles was
pronounced in survey catch length- frequencies from the shoalest sampling strata
C< 9 m). For most autumn surveys, flounder have been concentrated at < 9 m in
Massachusetts Bay and 18-27 m depths in Cape Cod Bay. In 1980, when mean bottom
temperatures were highest in the timeseries (Figure 2), blackback moved to
deeper (cooler) sampling strata in both regions. Rarely have winter flounder
been taken in fall tows where bottom temperatures were over 14°C; greatest
catches occurred from 8.8-13.0°C. This information is consistent with coast-
wide tagging results which indicated that the average distance travelled during
the seaward migration was related to the proximity of bottom water of less than
15°C (Howe and Coates 1975).
Because winter flounder may still be offshore in autumn, spring abundance
indices are more valuable for indicating changes in abundance. The spring
indices coastwide have displayed a downward trend (Figure 5), except for the
1981 upturn, which was a multispecies phenomenon seemingly related to changes in
availability (Howe et al. 1983). From 1978 to 1982, the weight and number
indices declined 21%, i.e., from 18.70 kg/tow and 62.74 fish/tow to 14.76 kg/tow
and 49.54 fish/tow.
Spring indices and 95% confidence intervals are presented by region in
Figure 6 from which several conclusions can be drawn. First, abundance has
remained unchanged in region 1. Second, an upward trend was evident in regions
3 and 5 until 1982; however, broadening confidence intervals since 1981 have
reduced the reliability of both the 1981 and 1982 estimates. Third, there has
been a 66% decline in biomass in region 2 since 1978. Finally, in 1982, a 56%
decline in biomass occurred in region 4; non-overlapping confidence intervals
for this estimate, compared with 1981, indicate a statistically significant
decline unrelated to sampling variability.
Trends in prerecruit indices track the relative abundance of fish which
will become vulnerable to commercial gear in the following seasons. A summation
of stratified mean numbers per tow of all individuals less than 27 cm serves
as a convenient measure of potential recruitment (Lange and Lux 1978). Prerecruit
and total number indices (all sizes) are presented for all spring cruises in
Table 5. From 1978 to 1980, the prerecruit index moved upward in region 3 and 5
and downward in regions 1, 2, and 4. In 1981, indices increased an average of
44% with all areas, except region 3, showing elevated numbers of prerecruits.
The following spring, prerecruit indices declined by an average of 28%; this
decrease occurred in all regions. The coastwide prerecruit index has declined
37% from 1978 (41.2 fish/tow) to 1982 (26.1 fish/tow).
Abundance indices for prerecruit and all size fish indicate that the upturn
noted for winter flounder in 1981 occurred only for prerecruits south of Cape
Cod and was greater for larger fish (> 27 cm) east and north of Cape Cod, though
prerecruits were also more abundant in region 4 and 5 than in 1980. This
general increase in prerecruit indices may have been due to more stressful 1980-
81 winter conditions nearshore, thereby enhancing seaward movement, or a real
increase in year-class abundance; however, percent length-composition information,
which is described below, does not support the latter hypothesis.
Interpretation of winter flounder seasonal length-frequencies is difficult
because of the wide variation in average length of a year-class CPearcy 1962)
and variable growth rates between areas and sexes which result in significant
10
growth differences between inshore population groups (Howe and Coates 1975).
A composite age-length relationship (sexes combined) representative of the
Massachusetts coastwide catch does not presently exist. Previous growth equa-
tions have been derived by sex and for specific geographic areas.
Spring and autumn length- frequencies are polymodal with the latter more
truncated at the upper size range (Figure 7). Discernible spring modal peaks
at about 12, 20, and 30 cm, as well as autumn peaks at 10, 18, and 27 cm,
probably correspond to ages 1-3. This apparent length-at-age discrepancy may
be due to the nature of the recruitment process, which involves both movement
onto the inshore grounds and an increase in vulnerability to commercial fishing
gear over a range of sizes and ages. Because faster-growing winter flounder
recruit earlier than slower-growing individuals (Berry et al. 1965), modes
must reflect predominance of fast-growing fish in spring and slower-growing
individuals in autumn.
Also evident from Figure 7 is that the 1977 year-class , first appearing
at age 1 in 1978, was the only cohort of above-average abundance in the time-
series. While other year-classes were similar in relative strength at ages 2
and 3 (i.e., percent of catch, spring), this one showed the greatest strength
at ages 4 and older (> 32 cm in spring, 1981 and 1982). Furthermore, abundance
of its apparent slow-growers in autumn, 1978, was also uniquely high. We con-
clude that an expectation of good recruitment follows from a strong spring peak
of one-year-olds probably succeeded by a strong 6-12 cm mode in autumn length-
frequencies .
Length- frequency distributions also demonstrate the general tendency for
year-classes to show a higher percent of catch-at-length up to age 3, the
generally accepted mean age at recruitment. Incomplete recruitment may extend
through age M- (Howe et al. 1976), which has an important biological implication.
The broad age range of recruiting individuals provides stability in the recruit-
ing population, lessening the magnitude of a stock reduction in the event of one
or more weak cohorts.
Mesh size of fishing nets, market preferences and culling practices, and
seasonal openings and closures of inshore trawling grounds are also important
determinants to winter flounder recruitment and yield. It is apparent from
codend mesh selectivity trials, cull simulation studies, and the availability
of prerecruit-sized fish as indicated by inshore survey data, that over the years,
traditionally-sized codends (3.9-5.2") and areal/seasonal regulations have
resulted in the capture and loss due to discard of significant numbers of fish
from 15 cm (6") to whatever cull size is in vogue (Smolowitz et al. 1978;
Mayo et al. 1981; Anderson et al 1983). Exploitation of immature fish may be
undercutting some of the natural resiliency of the winter flounder population.
A yield-per-recruit analysis, representative of the coastwide winter
flounder groups, has not been developed. A major difficulty is determining an
accurate rate of growth. If this were possible, it would undoubtedly indicate
that blackback are caught before they grow to an age/size where biomass (yield)
is maximized.
11
SUMMER FLOUNDER
Summer flounder (fluke) enter southern Massachusetts waters in May and
generally leave inshore areas by October; during the summer months they are
sought by both recreational and commercial fishermen.
In May, summer flounder distribution has been generally confined to samp-
ling regions south and east of Cape Cod and depths _< 27 m. By September, they
are commonly taken in depths < 9.3 m in Cape Cod Bay as well. Spring catch-
per-tow indices east of Cape Cod and autumn indices in Cape Cod Bay were higher
in 1981 and especially in 1982 than during prior years.
Our summer flounder catch consists almost entirely of age 3 and older
(> 33 cm) fish which differs substantially from the size (age) distribution of
most other species we monitor. Juvenile fluke are primarily found in estuaries
and embayments between North Carolina and New Jersey. From 1978 to 1980, total
spring catch-per-tow indices declined from 1.17 to 0.36 fish/tow (Figure 8)
with modal peaks in catch length-frequencies between M-2 cm and 59 cm (Figure 9).
In 1981, as a result of a significant influx of 2-year-olds (1979 year-class)
and more 3-year-olds, the catch index increased to 1.19 fish/tow. Driven by
the relative strength of the 1979 cohort, the 1982 index reached 2.03 fish/tow.
Autumn abundance indices followed the spring pattern with a 1982 high of
1.75 fish/tow. Fall survey catches have been consistently lower than spring
catches and, until the 1979 cohort appeared in 1981, the size range was more
restricted. The seasonal constriction in length range reflects relatively fast
growth of 3-year-old fish and more widespread fish distribution. The absence
of large adults in autumn catches may also be related to the offshore migration
and coincident spawning season which are underway by September, plus the effect
of intense summer fishing mortality.
Although the 1981 and 1982 spring length-frequencies indicate fairly good
recruitment, at the same time there has been a noticeable decrease of fluke over
50 cm. This decline may indicate growth overfishing as demonstrated by yield-
per-recruit analysis (Fogarty 1981).
SCUP
An important foodfish to draggermen, trap fishermen, and sportsfishermen,
scup is one of the most abundant species caught in the inshore survey. In May,
scup congregate in the shoal waters ( < 9 m) of regions 1 and 2, where bottom
water temperatures are always highest. Until 1981, spring catches consisted
largely of adult scup approaching spawning condition (age 2 and older). Since
then, yearlings have been more abundant.
From 1978 to 1980, the spring survey weight index fluctuated between 9.63
and 22.95 kg/tow (Figure 10). Five length- frequency modes (12, 18, 24, 26, and
29 cm) were discernible from 1978-80 catches and correspond to age groups 1-5
(Pierce 1981) (Figure 11). In 1981, the weight index declined 59% from 1980
while the number index increased 50%. These changes were attributable to a
12
16- fold increase in yearlings over the prior /ear. Two-year-olds were the only
other age group caught in 1981, unlike the previous three years. In 1982, the
weight index plunged to 0.53 kg/tow and again, scup lengths were bimodal.
Because scup are thought not to be as available and vulnerable to bottom
trawls as flounders and other groundfish (Edwards 1968), caution must be
exercised in interpreting catch data from trawl surveys. For example, one
catch weighing over 1,500 kg is not unusual during our spring survey but more
than one would inflate the abundance index. Conversely, because no unusually
large single catch was made in 1982, we cannot be certain that scup were really
less abundant or that more age groups were not present inshore during the survey
period.
We suspect that the distinct change in 1982 weight indices and shifts in
length composition modality since 1981 are related to water temperature. Mean
bottom temperatures in regions 1 and 2 were lower in both May periods than dur-
ing 1978-80 (Figure 2) so it is possible that the inshore arrival of adult scup
was delayed. Mayo (1982) has presented information showing that the scup pop-
ulation's center of abundance shifted northward from the late 1960 T s to the mid-
1970 's in response to a warming trend in the Middle Atlantic Bight, but after 1977
a cooling trend may again be effectively restricting wintering grounds to farther
south. If this is the case, the migration pattern and arrival time in southern
Massachusetts waters may be changing.
Summer-spawned young-of-the-year (Y0Y) comprise over 90% of the autumn survey
catch of scup by number (Figure 11). Although yearling and adult scup are also
caught, the latter multi-age grouping could not be plotted on Figure 11 because of
the dominance of 0-group fish. Young-of-the-year are distributed over all depth
intervals in regions 1-2 but are confined to depths < 27 m in region 3 and 4.
They are usually most abundant in region 1 (1000+/tow) and least abundant in region 4
(10+/tow). No scup have been taken within region 5 in the survey timeseries.
The magnitude of autumn abundance indices suggests that prerecruit indices
(number per tow _< 12 cm) might provide information on relative strength of
recruiting year-classes. Toward that goal, spring and autumn length- frequencies
were separated into appropriate length ranges corresponding to age groupings,
and stratified mean number-at-length per tow was summed to provide indices of
abundance. As shown in Table 6, there has been little apparent relationship
between numbers of autumn-caught YOY and the following year's catch of one-year-
olds, irrespective of season taken, or between autumn-caught one-year-olds and the
following year's spring-caught adults. Relatively high YOY abundance in 1978 did
match the comparatively strong showing of adults 20 months later (spring, 1980);
however, the relationship was inconsistent with respect to recruitment from the
following two year-classes. This may be due to inherent variability of populations
changing at the extremity of their range or environmental conditions which altered
the timing of the spring scup migration. Accordingly, a comparison between Massa-
chusetts YOY indices with catch per unit effort indices for the southern New
England trawl fisheries could be valuable over a longer timeseries.
13
LONGFIN SQUI7;
The longfin or bone squid, Loligo pealei , is a very important species in
the marine food web. It is productive, rapid growing, short-lived, and conse-
quently prone to drastic changes in abundance. Loligo is also of increasing
importance to commercial fisheries due to opportunities presented by federal
waters joint ventures and state internal waters over-the-side sales. These
opportunities are attributable, in part, to reductions in foreign fleet allo-
cations .
After overwintering offshore, Loligo migrate into shallow, inshore waters
from Chesapeake Bay to Cape Cod to spawn from late April through September.
Upon their arrival in shallow, southern Massachusetts waters (depths < 18 m),an
intense trawl fishery targets on spawning adults. These sexually mature
individuals (> 15 cm) dominate commercial trawl catches until about mid-May
when smaller, maturing squid constitute the greatest portion of both commercial
and survey trawl catches. Immature squid (generally 2-7 cm) appear in research
catches by mid-May.
j
Our spring survey catch-per-tow indices have been greatest in region 2
where the highest percentage of large spawners (> 20 cm) are normally taken.
Usually, squid of this size have been less abundant in region 1 and least
abundant in region 3. In each region, smaller-sized individuals are present in
greater numbers.
Autumn distribution and abundance differ markedly from spring. Age 0-group
squid abound and are ubiquitously distributed both north and south of Cape Cod.
Catch-per-tow has in one year or another been highest in every region except
region 5, where lowest numbers are usually found. Modal length values of the
September catch are lowest in regions 1-3 (2-3 cm) and highest north of Cape
Cod (4-6 cm), suggesting a northerly movement of some early-hatched young. A
general absence of squid larger than about 20 cm is probably an indication of
high post-spawning mortality and/or an offshore movement of survivors.
Loligo have two overlapping reproductive cycles, one procreating the other;
therefore, the cycles are considered crossed. As described by Mesnil (1977),
one cycle is of 14 months' duration from a June hatch (spring brood). This
cohort begins maturing during the winter and spawns the following summer. The
progeny (the late summer brood) have a 20-month cycle from an August hatch.
Immature until their second winter offshore, they spawn the following spring.
The late-hatched brood consistently appears as a 2-4 cm mode in our autumn
survey length- frequencies and again the following spring as a 4-5 cm mode
(Figure 12). Because these modes occur at a smaller mantle length than reported
by Mesnil (1977), we believe that in Massachusetts inshore waters late spawning
peaks in September rather than in August. Egg clusters or mops are frequently found
in the trawl in our September surveys; therefore, a September-October hatch is
presumed .
14
Twenty months later, the late cohort spawns in spring as large individuals,
While no mode is apparent in our length- frequencies for these squid, they would
approximate 18 to 30 cm in mantle length (Mesnil 1977).
The most important mode in May length- frequencies, shifting between 12
and 18 cm, represents the previous year's spring (June) hatch. The more
variable positioning of this mode is probably related to the prolonged early
spawning period. During the previous September, this cohort is also represented
by the descending right tail of the autumn length- frequencies (6^12 cm).
Because of space limitations on Figure 12, mature squid > 30 cm are not
shown. They are considered by Mesnil (1977) to be the remnants of a spring
cohort, thus they have survived two winters. Squid over 30 cm have always made
up from 3-6% of individuals taken in the spring cruise timeseries. It is not
known whether they spawn in their first season (Tibbetts 1977).
The changing proportionality of the three principal cohorts evident in
May length-frequencies has significantly influenced recent trends in Loligo
abundance for Massachusetts waters (Figure 13). In order to describe this
phenomenon, spring survey size ranges of each cohort were approximated, i.e.,
small squid, < 9 cm (late brood or 8-mo-olds); maturing squid, 10-19 cm (spring
brood or 11-mo-olds); and, spring spawners, 20-29 cm (late brood or 20-mo-olds).
For each cruise, percent size composition was derived by summing stratified mean
number (at length) per tow.
Since 1978, the medium-sized maturing squid have composed the largest
percentage of our spring survey catch (33-67% of the individuals) which is in
agreement with Summers ' (1971) observations; however, from 1978-80, progeny
(the < 9 cm squid) were of diminishing importance, composing 23%, 19% and 8%,
respectively, of individuals in spring catches. Late broods also did not appear
imposing in our autumn 1980 and 1981 prerecruit indices (stratified mean number/
tow _< 8 cm), which were the lowest in the timeseries (Table 7). Perhaps because
later- than-usual spawning and hatching occurred (that our September surveys did
not detect) and/or winter survival was exceptional, these late cohorts proved to
be the most sizeable of the timeseries, as evidenced by large numbers of small
squid in 1981-82 spring surveys (41% and 31% of individuals, respectively).
Both the 1980 and 1981 late cohorts were destined to contribute strongly
to the exceptional abundance level observed inshore in spring, 1983. Although
our final 1983 data is not available, the preliminary number index increased
five- fold over 1982. Massachusetts commercial landings of Loligo increased
from 480 MT in 1982 to 2,683 MT in 1983. Twenty months after the squid of the
1980 late cohort hatched, they became the large (20-29 cm) spring spawners of
1982 that produced what must have been a strong spring cohort of squid, i.e.,
10^19 cm individuals by May, 1983. Twenty months after the 1981 late cohort
hatched, it also arrived in southern Massachusetts in strong numbers as 20-29
cm spawners. Preliminary 1983 length-frequency data also indicates greater
carryover of squid > 30 cm which would be survivors of the 1982 late spawning
group.
15
There were other early indicators of an upturn in squid abundance. The
1982 NEFC autumn prerecruit index was 56% and 9% greater than the 1981 and
1967-81 mean indices, respectively. Based on offshore abundance of prerecruit -
sized squid and indications from the domestic fishery that peak spawning may
have occurred later than usual, it was hypothesized that the small squid would
not be susceptible to the winter 1982-83 foreign fishery and, therefore, a
relatively high catch in 1983 was predicted when this cohort entered the catch
in June (Lange 1982). In addition, our 1982 autumn prerecruit index was the
highest in the timeseries, 158% higher than in 1981 and 88% greater than the
previous four-year average (Table 7). The contribution of the 1982 late cohort,
in particular, appears to have been substantial as not6d in the autumn length-
frequency. This might augur well for the spring, 1984 fishery when this cohort
returns as large , spring spawners .
It has been stated that major obstacles to better management of Loligo
include lack of insight on the nature of stock-recruitment relationships and
inadequate knowledge of the numbers of squid recruited annually (Sissenwine and
Tibbetts 1977). The Massachusetts DMF survey data indicate that strong recruit-
ment to the 1983 inshore fishery hinged mainly on the simultaneous occurrence
of two strong cohorts; moreover, the stock size of both 1981 late spawners
(33% of individuals in May catch) and 1982 spring spawners (13% of individuals),
were about the weakest in the timeseries. The implication is that recruitment
appears to have been relatively independent of stock size. This empirical
information corroborates the most prudent scientific assumption on the stock-
recruitment relationship of Loligo pealei (Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977; Lange
and Sissenwine 1980).
No significant correlation has been found between offshore autumn indices
of prerecruit (_< 8 cm) squid from the NEFC bottom trawl surveys and commercial
catches (Lange and Sissenwine 1980). The DMF autumn indices, mostly reflecting
annual production in a principal spawning/nursey area, should complement offshore
indices. Though the timeseries is short, there appears to be a relationship
between prerecruits seen in our September catch and survey catch of all-size
squid the following May. Furthermore, the trend for these prerecruit indices
mirrors that of annual Massachusetts commercial landings which occur mainly in
spring (Figure 14). These predictive possibilities offer additional evidence
that the Massachusetts inshore survey can enhance understanding of the relation-
ship between Loligo stock and recruitment.
OVERVIEW
The implementation of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act
of 1976 made management authorities, scientists, and fishermen more conscious of
gaps in knowledge of fishery resources , particularly those extending into unsurveyed
inshore areas. Massachusetts coastal waters had long been recognized as important
to the productivity of fishery resources but were only qualitatively described.
The DMF bottom trawl survey program was initiated in 1978 to supply this needed
16
information for state waters, thereby augmenting and improving the scientific
basis for management. With the completion of each semiannual survey cruise,
and as our reported observations became independently corroborated or other-
wise stood the test of time, the survey has become increasingly relied upon
for information on current and future conditions of the stocks.
By describing recent trends in species abundance, distribution, and size
composition, such as for the five species reported herein, cruise results have
enabled the DMF to make management decisions as well as evaluate effects of
coastal zone activities (e.g., dredge spoil disposal; Howe and Germano 1982).
Just as importantly, by 1980, NMFS assessment scientists began using DMF survey
information in their annual updates on status of the stocks. Now, stock
assessments for at least eight species, including cod, haddock, yellowtail,
flounder, and sea herring, utilize our survey data. In addition, from 1978-82,
a total of 31,214 biological samples and observations from many species were
collected for federal, state, and other affiliated researchers conducting wide-
ranging assessment support activities and special ecological studies. Another
22,24-8 specimens were examined for various fish diseases as part of a priority
and cooperative initiative with NMFS to monitor fish health in Massachusetts
waters .
From a resource assessment standpoint, the Massachusetts inshore survey
has become important for the information it provides on abundance of pre-
exploitable fish, which can strongly influence nearterm changes in stock abund-
ance. Moreover, consistently impressive catches of young fish have clearly
shown the significance of Massachusetts waters as rearing grounds. The percentage
of prerecruit-sized, spring-caught individuals in the study area for 23
commercially valuable species from state territorial or contiguous waters is
summarized in Table 8. Landings from commercial draggers are different because
fishing is undertaken in a non-random manner, commercial nets are more selective
than the research net, and fishermen cull or discard unwanted oomponents of the
catch. Still, during the season when exploitable-sized groundfish are usually
most abundant inshore and fishing is most intense, the survey data shows how
available prerecruits are to capture and where they are most vulnerable to
potential exploitation. This information offers fishery managers opportunities
to better manage resources through revised areal/seasonal closures and mesh
regulations.
Along with providing insights on the stocks, the expanding timeseries has
also increased our perception of annual differences in species' seasonal avail-
ability and distribution. The major limitation of this survey is the narrow
geographic scope of the inshore study area; it accentuates effects associated
with environmental variation and spatial distribution of fish stocks, factors
which constrain interpretation of changes in abundance. For instance, only a
small portion of any population is ever available to our research trawl, and
all species undergo some migration associated with seasonal environmental
variation, which is greatest nearshore. Though some uncertainty will always
exist, a more lengthy timeseries and more timely development and integration
of inshore and offshore survey results will be helpful in evaluating, understand-
ing, and predicting changes in stock abundance.
17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Efforts of the NMFS/URI Fisheries Engineering Group in converting the
GLORIA MICHELLE into a very capable research vessel enabled the continuation
of this program in 1982. Her crew, Lt. J.G. John Moakley (Captain), Lt. J.G.
Gary Bulmer, and John Kenney, and fishermen of the F/V FRANCES ELIZABETH,
David Arnold, Antone Pinto, and Daniel Arnold provided valuable advice,
assistance, and inspiration when we could most use it. They deserve much
credit for the successful completion of these cruises.
The following personnel of the NEFC/Woods Hole Laboratory offered timely
assistance, especially in resolving problems in data processing: Linda Despres-
Patanjo, Malcolm Silverman, Loretta O'Brien, Donald Flescher, Philip Chase,
Wayne Hoover, and Jim Sargent.
We thank W. Leigh Bridges who administered the project and reviewed this
report, and Director Philip Coates for his continuing support. We are also
grateful to Frank Germano, a former member of this project, and 27 other
Division employees whose on-board assistance and logistical support were helpful
in 1982.
REFERENCES
Anderson, E.D., J.M. Mason, A.M.T. Lange, and C,J. Byrne. 1983. Codend mesh
selectivity in the Long Island spring trawl fishery for summer flounder
and associated species. NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Center, Woods Hole
Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 83-33.
Berry, R.J., S.B. Saila, and D.B. Horton. 1965. Growth studies of winter
flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), in Rhode Island.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 94:259-264.
Edwards, R.L. 1968. Fishery resources of the North Atlantic area. The Future
of the Fishing Industry of the United States. Univ. of Washington Publ.
in Fisheries, N.S. 4:52-60.
Fogarty, M.J. 1981. Review and assessment of the summer flounder C Paralichthyg.
dentatus ) fishery in the Northwest Atlantic. NMFS, Northeast Fisheries '
Center, Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 81-25.
Howe, A.B. and P.G. Coates. 1975. Winter flounder movements, growth, and
mortality off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society 104:13-29.
Howe, A.B., P.G. Coates, and D.E. Pierce. 1976. Winter flounder estuarine
year-class abundance, mortality, and recruitment. Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society 105:647-657.
18
Howe, A.B., T.P. Currier, and F.J. Germano, Jr. 1983. Occurrence of young-
of-the-year Atlantic herring in southern Massachusetts estuaries — An
update. Coastal Oceanography and Climatology News 5:34-35.
Howe, A.B., T.P. Currier, S.L. Sass, and B.C. Kelly. 1983. Coastwide Fishery
Resource Assessment. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries.
Howe, A.B. and F.G. Germano, Jr. 1982. Fisheries and environmental baselines
relative to dredge spoil disposal, Cape Cod Bay, 1981. Massachusetts
Division of Marine Fisheries #12954~43-100-9~82-CR.
Huntsman, A.G. and M.I. Sparks. 1921. Limiting factors for marine animals.
3. Relative resistance to high temperatures. Contributions to Canadian
Biology, New Ser. 2:97-114.
Lange, A.M.T. 1982. Status of the squid ( Loligo pealei and Illex illecebrosus )
populations off the northeastern USA. NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Center,
Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 82-27.
Lange, A.M.T. and F.E. Lux. 1978. Review of the other flounder stocks Cwinter
flounder, American plaice, witch flounder, and windowpane flounder) off
the Northeast United States, August 1978. NMFS, Northeast Fisheries
Center, Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 78-44.
Lange, A.M.T. and M.P. Sissenwine. 1980. Biological considerations relevant
to the management of squid (Loligo pealei and Illex illecebrosus ) of the
Northwest Atlantic. Marine Fisheries Review, July-August: 23-38.
Lux, F.E. 1963. Identification of New England yellowtail flounder groups.
Fishery Bulletin 63:1-10.
Lux, F.E. and F.E. Nichy. 1969. Growth of yellowtail flounder, Limanda
ferruginea (Storer), on three New England fishing grounds. Research
Bulletin International Commission Northwest Atlantic Fisheries 6:5-25.
Lux, F.E. A.E. Peterson, and R.F. Hutton. 1970. Geographical variation in
fin ray number in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum),
off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
99-483-488.
Mayo, R.K. 1982. An assessment of the scup Stenotomus chrysops (L.), population
in the southern New England and Middle Atlantic regions. NMFS, Northeast
Fisheries Center, Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 82-46.
Mayo, R.K. , A.M. Lange, S.A. Murawski, M.P. Sissenwine, and B.E. Brown. 1981.
Estimation of discards in mixed trawl fisheries off the Northeast coast
of the United States, based on bottom trawl survey catches. NMFS, North-
east Fisheries Center, Woods Hole laboratory. Laboratory Reference
No. 81-18.
19
,1
McBride, M.M. and S.H. Clark. 1983. Assessment status of yellowtail flounder
( Limanda ferruginea ) stocks off the Northeast United States, 1983.
NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Center, Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory
Reference No. 83-32.
Mesnil, B. 1977. Growth and life cycle of squid, Loligo pealei and Illex
illecebrosus , from the Northwest Atlantic. International Commission
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Selected Papers 2:55-69.
Pearcy, W.G. 1962. Ecology of an estuarine population of winter flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Bulletin Bingham Oceanographic
Collection, Yale University 18(1).
Perlmutter, A. 1946. The distribution of the winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes
americanus ) and its bearing on management possibilities. Transactions of
the Eleventh North American Wildlife Conference for 1946:239-250.
Pierce, D.E. 1981. Scup ( Stenotomus chrysops ) and its fisheries in Nantucket
and Vineyard Sounds, Massachusetts. MS. Thesis. Southeastern Massachu-
setts University. Dartmouth, MA.
Pierce, D.E. 1982. Development and evolution of fishery management plans for
cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder. Massachusetts Division of Marine
Fisheries.
Pierce, D.E. and A.B. Howe. 1977. A further study on winter flounder group
identification off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society 106:131-139.
Scott, D.M. 1954. A comparative study of the yellowtail flounder from three
Atlantic fishing areas. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
11:171-197.
Sissenwine, M.P. and A.E. Tibbetts. 1977. Simulating the effect of fishing on
squid ( Loligo and Illex ) populations on the Northeastern United States.
International Commission Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Selected Papers
2:71-84.
Smolowitz, R.J., R.S. Testaverde, and M. DiLiberti. 1978. New England mesh
selectivity studies, experiment two, inshore groundfish. NMFS, Northeast
Fisheries Center, Woods Hole Laboratory. Laboratory Reference No. 78-24.
Summers, W.C. 1971. Age and growth of Loligo pealei , a population study of the
common Atlantic coast squid. Biological Bulletin 141:189-201.
Tibbetts, A.M. 1977. Squid fisheries ( Loligo pealei and Illex illecebrosus )
off the Northeastern coast of the United States of America, 1963-74.
International Commission Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Selected Papers
2:85-110.
Waring, G.T. and A.B. Howe. 1979. Occurrence of young-of-the-year Atlantic
herring in southern Massachusetts estuaries in summer 1978. Coastal
Oceanography and Climatology News 1:17-18.
20
■Figure 1.
Sampling strata used
in Massachusetts D!-F
inshore bottom travl
survey.
DEPTH STRATA (meters)
9.1 - 18.3
18.1 - 27.1
27.5 - 36.6
36.7-51.9
^55,0
REGIONS ( - Sm T* SETS)
BHiWLl: strata 11 - II,
BtfiifllL2: STRATA 15 - 16
gESlQN 1: STRATA 17 - 21
HUUflllJl: STRATA 25-30
atfilQlL-S: STRATA 31 - 36
Fig* 3. YELLOWTAIL length frequencies (percent at length)
from spring and autumn inshore Mass. research surveys, 1978-1982.
100.0
WEIGHT
NUMBER
9
—
-
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"igure 4 . Indices
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Fig. 12 . LOLIGO length frequencies (percent at length)
from epring and autumn inshore Mass. research surveys, 1978-1982.
tea
1000,,.0_
WEIGHT
NUMBER
Figure 13. Indices of abundanoer
from spring C ) and autumn
( ) research vessel surveys
for LONGFIN SQUID from Massa-
chusetts inshore waters.
FIGURE 14.
Autumn DMF inshore bottom trawl survey prerecruit (58 cm)
indices for Loligo pealei compared to subsequent spring
number indices (all sizes) and Massachusetts commercial
landings (— ) , 1978 - 1982.
7CXH
E
500.
00
VI
o
m
-|300-
C
C
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AUTUMN
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1979
1980
1981
1982
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0)
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1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
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WEIGHT
£ aKimdjn^i
NUMBER
u
■ j-_ j — ' - — •
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figure la . inQices oi a^unv. — v
j from spring (— ) and autumn
- ( ) research vessel surveys
■ for ATLANTIC COD from Mas sa-
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100.0
WEIGHT
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79
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1978 79
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100.0
WEIGHT
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l- -. !
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Figure 19. Indices of abundance g_
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.J.
1978 79
1000.0
WEIGHT
NUMBER
m.
Figure 20. Indices of abundance
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( ) research vessel surveys
for BLACK SEA BASS from
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•
1978 79
WEIGHT
NUMBER
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1978 79
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WEIGHT
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Lgure 22. Indices of abundai
vam spring ( ) and autumn
— ) research vessel surveys
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1978 79
80
81
82
1978 79
80
81
82
ioj.000-
9—
WEIGHT
NUMBER
o
7
6.
Figure 36. Indices of abund-
ance from spring ( ) and
autumn C ) research vessel
surveys for ALL SPECIES from
Massachusetts inshore waters.
4
— j
1978 79
80
81
82
1978 79
80
81
82
Table 1. Allotment of sampling effort
to Massachusetts inshore
strata, 1982 survey cruises.
Stratum
Depth Range
Area
Number
Stations
Reg
ion
No.*
Meters
Feet
(sq n mi)
Spring
Autumn
1.
Buzzards Bay-
11
< 9.3
< 30
102
5
4
Vineyard Sound
12
9.4-18.3
31- 60
160
8
8
and coastal
13
18.4-27.4
61- 90
88
3
4
water south of
14
27.5-36.6
91-120
16
2
2
Martha's Vineyard
2.
Nantucket Sound
15
< 9.3
< 30
190
10
9
16
9.4-18.3
31- 60
212
11
11
3.
East of Cape Cod,
17
< 9.3
< 30
85
2
4
Race Point to
18
9.4-18.3
31- 60
88
4
3
Muskeget Island
19
18.4-27.4
61- 90
39
2
2
20
27.5-36.6
91-120
24
2
2
21
36.7-54.9
121-180
40
2
2
4.
Cape Cod Bay
25
< 9.3
< 30
47
2
3
26
9.4-18.3
31- 60
87
5
5
27
18.4-27.4
61- 90
94
5
5
28
27.5-36.6
91-120
93
5
5
29
36.7-54.9
121-180
103
5
5
30
>55.0
>181
32
2
2
5.
Massachusetts Bay
31
< 9.3
< 30
41
3
2
north to New
32
9.4-18.3
31- 60
49
2
2
Hamp shore border
33
18.4-27.4
61- 90
78
3
3
34
27.5-36.6
91-120
38
3
3
35
36.7-54.9
121-180
174
5
4
36
>55.0
>181
33
4
4
Sampling strata begin with #11 to coordinate with Rhode Island survey design,
Strata #22-24 have been allotted to Nantucket Shoals should survey coverage
be eventually extended seaward.
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Table 3. Weight (kilograms) and number for species col-
lected during the 1982 spring and autumn bottom
trawl surveys, Massachusetts territorial waters.
Spring Autumn
Species
Wt.
]
to.
Wt.
No.
Northern searobin
5,917.7
32
,663
116.9
3,149
Ocean pout
3,040.2
4
,463
327.7
1,859
Winter skate
2,790.1
1
,723
2,763.3
1,673
Little skate
1,404.8
3
,431
1,639.6
3,053
Winter flounder
1,395.6
4
,695
1,184.6
5,035
Mussels unclass.
1,254.8
89
,366
111.3
4,562
Windowpane
1,054.6
4
,079
164.3
736
Spiny dogfish
927.9
196
13,496.8
4,222
American plaice
659.2
6
,681
350.7
2,892
Yellowtail flounder
657.6
2
,153
227.8
1,167
Cod
647.0
1
,875
33.9
253
Tautog
572.4
358
60.8
60
Longhorn sculpin
566.7
3
,418
105.0
1,072
Moonsnail unclass.
295.4
1
,958
16.3
167
Red hake
244.8
670
366.0
1,735
Sand lance
197.2
26
,636
140.2
32,003
Rock crab
138.9
1
,372
434.1
4,998
Summer flounder
105.6
153
138.7
174
Smooth dogfish
95.2
21
131.4
275
American lobster
91.7
320
190.0
618
Spider crab
70.4
558
50.7
663
Sea raven
61.5
67
36.6
92
Lady crab
55.3
1
,102
72.2
1,431
Longfin squid
52.7
744
379.7
69,915
Scup
51.2
543
824.8
190,807
Thorny skate
47.4
16
10.4
9
Black sea bass
46.6
112
74.8
20,134
Goosefish
42.1
7
110.5
18
Fourspot flounder
41.3
155
48.5
271
Silver hake
41.2
413
207.0
4,154
Wolffish
30.6
7
8.8
2
Witch flounder
26.4
38
37.6
89
Sea scallop
21.3
65
18.8
165
Horseshoe crab
19.0
17
47.9
39
Alewife
15.5
360
0.3
4
Channeled whelk
14.6
42
22.0
47
Atlantic herring
12.5
281
22.3
460
Jonah crab
12.5
84
11.7
56
Surf clam
10.6
30
2.3
7
Cunner
8.4
116
5.0
173
Mackerel
7.4
104
0.1
1
Table 3. (Continued)
Spring
Species
Snake blenny
Lump fish
Conger eel
Bluefack herring
White hake
Pollock
Haddock
Wrymouth
Knobbed whelk
American shad
Ocean quahog
Butterfish
Daubed shanny
Bay scallop
Alligatorfish
Octopus
Smelt
Fourbeard rockling
Rock gunnel
Quahog
Atlantic silverside
Pipefish
Grubby
Radiated shanny
Shortfin squid
Striped anchovy
Torpedo ray
Redfish
Shrimp unclass.
Bluefish
Northern puffer
Striped searobin
Planehead filefish
Weakfish
Northern kingfish
Mackerel scad
Spotted hake
Hickory shad
Offshore hake
Hogchoker
Lookdown
Mantis shrimp
Gulf stream flounder
Moustache sculpin
Flying gurnard
Snowy grouper
TOTAL
> •
No.
7.0
122
6.1
2
4.8
2
4.2
211
3.9
43
3.4
185
1.9
3
1.4
1
1.4
5
1.2
6
1.1
4
1.0
10
0.7
59
0.6
6
0.4
125
0.4
7
0.2
17
0.2
5
0.1
11
0.1
2
0.0
3
0.0
4
0.0
6
0.0
1
0.0
1
22,786.4 191,933
Autumn
Wt.
No.
0.6
25
0.2
15
0.1
2
55.4
497
0.4
6
10.3
1,190
4.2
5
66.7
115
0.4
2
2.6
9
166.6
17,284
0.0
1
6.3
137
, 0.1
34
0.1
8
0.2
8
4.5
66
0.0
4
0.4
1
8.8
426
0.0
1
14.5
75
23.9
24,081
15.5
1
10.1
41
7.2
-
3.7
2
1.8
89
1.8
17
1.3
107
1.2
35
0.9
9
0.6
123
0.5
9
0.2
1
0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
41
0.1
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
0.0
1
24,403.0
402,715
Table 4. Stratified mean number per tow of age 1 (5-22 cm) yellow-
tail flounder from DMF spring and autumn research vessel
surveys in Massachusetts inshore waters, 1978-1982.
Stratified Mean Number Per Tow
Age 1 (5-22 cm)
1978
79
80
81
82
Spring
7.6
8.4
3.8
13.6
1.8
Autumn
4,
,5
15,
,6
14,
,9
1.
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4.
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00 CD O rH CM
r> r- oo oo co
CD CD CD CD CD
r-{ r-\ r-{ r-\ <-4
Table 6 .
Stratified mean number per tow of age 0, age 1,
and adult scup taken in Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl surveys, spring and autumn, 1978-
1982.
Age
Spring Autumn
(_< 12 cm)
1978 1,748.9
79 1,071.8
80 1,090.3
81 871.4
82 1,997.8
Stratified Mean Number Per Tow
Age 1
Spring Autumn
(< 14 cm) (13-18 cm)
1.1
1.7
7.9
122.8
2.7
13.2
10.5
19.0
29.4
13.5
Adult
Spring Autumn
(> 15 cm) (> 19 cm)
47.9
39.0
96.8
36.6
3.0
3.7
6.3
2.9
10.4
1.8
Table 7 . Total and prerecruit (<_ 8 cm) stratified mean
numbers per tow of longfin squid from DMF autumn
research vessel surveys in Massachusetts inshore
waters, 1978-1982.
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
All Sizes
550.0
362.3
258.7
284.8
650.9
< 8 cm
519.5
353.4
240.1
248.1
640.0
rr
Table 8 . Percentage of prerecruit fish of 23 commercially valuable species
taken by region (principal abundance) and coastwide on combined
1978-82 Massachusetts spring inshore surveys.
Maximum
length of
prerecruit s *
(cm)
1
2
Region
3
4
5
Coast
wide
American lobster
80 mm
96.6
42.0
86.6
86.5
86.0
American plaice
31
97.3
95.2
96.0
Atlantic cod
49
100.0
100.0
99.3
93.0
95.3
96.2
Atlantic herring
10
94.4
0.3
34.3
53.0
Black sea bass
17
0.0
0.0
0.0
Butterfish
15
60.0
23.1
44.3
55.3
Goosefish
29
5.4
0.0
ft ft
Haddock
43
98.5
100.0
97.3
97.9
Longfin squid
9
30.2
11.9
36.9
19.7
Oceanpout
37
11.9
44.1
24.5
36.3
Pollock
42
100.0
100.0
99.7
99.8
Red hake
34
58.9
17.1
66.6
82.8
44.8
Rock crab
8
87.6
74.3
69.5
44.0
28.5
64.3
Sea scallop
6
9.2
ft*
Scup
17
46.3
29.0
46.4
Silver hake
23
44.6
18.7
59.3
69.9
55.7
Spiny dogfish
84
7.9
6.6
59.2
43.2
Summer flounder
29
5.2
0.8
0.0
2.7
White hake
40
89.6
96.6
93.7
Windowpane
29
80.5
51.0
70.8
62.8
Winter flounder
31
76.9
60.8
57.6
81.2
80.1
75.5
Witch flounder
31
0.7
10.1
7.9
Yellowtail flounder
31
inoi
69.4
80.6
56.2
67.0
** Not calculated.
Job 2 : Evaluation of winter flounder year-class strength
INTRODUCTION
Assessment of spawning success can be crucial to effective fishery resource
management. A timeseries of winter flounder (blackback) young-of-the-year (YOY)
indices may predict annual changes in stock size or composition. Recruitment
from the southern Cape Cod estuaries is to territorial and offshore fisheries
south and east of Cape Cod (Howe and Coates 1975). This population group has
been identified as a major Massachusetts stock unit area (Pierce and Howe 1977).
Methodology for estimating YOY abundance was based on knowledge of habitat, age
group behavior, and highly localized movement patterns. YOY blackback are most
abundant on fine-grained sediments in estuarine areas, moving into the inter-
tidal zone with a rising tide to feed (Tyler 1971).
Efforts to develop beach seining methodology began in 1972. Baseline
data was collected in 1975 and annual sampling has continued since then. In
this report, we present 1975-1982 seine indices of abundance (IOA) and evidence
supporting the validity of the seine index for predicting annual changes in
winter flounder stock size.
METHODS
Assessment of winter flounder year-class strength was initially undertaken
in six estuaries on the southern shore of Cape Cod and in six estuaries in upper
Buzzards Bay. By 1979 it was apparent that seine data, as then analyzed, did
not reveal annual changes in year-class production because of broad confidence
limits projected from standard deviations of seine indices. Alternative analysis
techniques were investigated during 1980. Stratification, based on each estuary's
littoral perimeter, was ultimately utilized to improve precision of the IOA.
An additional statistical term to post-stratify previous surveys was incorporated
into the re-analysis of the 1975-1981 variances. In 1982 samples were allocated
in proportion to the relative weight for each stratum (estuary). Sampling of
Buzzards Bay estuaries, where catches had always been low, was eliminated and
the number of stations in the southern Cape Cod estuaries was increased.
The seine survey was conducted yearly from mid- June to mid- July, and was
restricted to the top half of the diurnal tidal cycle. In most years, at least
99 seine hauls were made in southern Cape Cod estuaries. Sampling site selection
was subjective, with consideration given to substratum suitability for efficient
seining (i.e., beaches of less than 0.5 m tidal amplitude and smooth intertidal
bottom). At each station three tows, from a depth of 1.0-1.3 m and perpendicular
to shore, were made with a 6.5 mm nylon mesh, 6 m straight seine equipped with a
weighted lead line to minimize escapement. Area swept was estimated by multiply-
ing seine spread (maintained at 5.5 m with a taut spreader rope) by seining
distance (measured by pace).
21
A FORTRAN program (YOYSTAT), written by DMF personnel, was used to calcul-
ate a mean number of YOY/m 2 for each tow. From this an average number of YOY/m 2
and a standard deviation for each stratum were calculated, and for all estuaries
combined, a stratified mean, y , and variance, V,- v were computed for each
year. st
Area swept was calculated as follows:
A. = (G. x P) L
1 3
where: P = length of pace of individual (meters)
L = length of net (meters)
G. = number of paces taken at tow j
Catch per tow was calculated as follows :
y. = F./A.
where: F. = number of fish at tow i
1
A. = area of tow j (meters squared)
Stratum means were calculated as follows:
n i
y. = ( Z Y^)/ n i
1 i=l D i
where: n. = number of tows in stratum i
l
Stratum variances were calculated as follows:
2 9 9
S. = [Zy/ - (Ey/)]
n.- 1 3 2 —
l n.
i
Survey stratified means (1975-1982) and variances (1975-1981) were calculated
as follows:
i K
N i=l
V- 1 9 1 1-N. ~
Vt> =i 2 /a + ( i 2 s( L> s i >
N l ~T7- n i n
22
Where: K = total number of strata
N = total weighting coefficient of all K strata
N.= weighting coefficient of stratum i
The formula for variance applied to 1982 data, i.e., without the additional
post-stratification term was:
V,t v 1 N.S. 2
<y st ) = 2 £-±-i-
N n.
l
To compare and analyze differences in stratified mean density indices
between years, the Wilcoxon two-way nonparametric test was applied to each
pair of years. To validate the predictive value of our seining methodology,
we compared trends in the stratified mean density index to length-frequency
modes from our semiannual bottom trawl survey. Prior tagging and meristic
studies (Howe and Coates 1975; Howe et al. 1976; Pierce and Howe 1977) indicated
that winter flounder may recruit to the fishery by moving from estuaries onto
the inshore grounds south and east of Cape Cod defined in the bottom trawl
survey as regions 1, 2, and 3. Winter flounder length-frequency data for
stations in these regions were weighted and pooled for each cruise of the survey.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Stratified YOY means (y.) for each estuary are presented in Table 1. The
stratified mean density indices (y ) for the seine surveys are shown in Table 2
and Figure 1. The stratified mean density index for 1977 (0.62) was the highest
in the timeseries. Nonparametric testing revealed that the density index for
1977 was significantly different from all other years except 1979 (Table 3).
The stratified pooled length- frequency information from the spring and
autumn trawl surveys show seasonal and yearly changes in size (age) structure
of winter flounder occurring in regions 1-3 (Figure 2). In spring, post-spawning
adult winter flounder disperse from estuarine areas and recruit to the coastal
fishery. Any juveniles about 10 cm or larger that had moved to coastal grounds
over winter were catchable by our research trawl. Until blackbacks are about
20 cm in length, however, they are not vulnerable to larger mesh commercial
codends .
In spring, 1978, the length-frequency mode at 12 cm mainly represented the
fast-growing one-year-olds, or fish of the 1977 year-class. Slower- growing fish
of the previous cohort probably comprised a smaller portion of this modal range
as well. No other initial mode in the spring timeseries was of similar magnitude,
implying that the 1977 year-class was the strongest observed at age 1.
23
The initial autumn modal peak at a smaller size is probably indicative of
slower- growing individuals. Again, the 1977 year-class was clearly the dominant
one at age 1 in the autumn timeseries. It should be noted that the autumn and
spring length-frequencies are plotted on different scales because of much lower
catches occuring in September. Adult winter flounder usually do not return
inshore until after our fall cruise. The bulk of the juvenile population
resides in the estuaries during the warm-water months though it is not unreason-
able to suspect some emigration from a strong year- class as a result of density-
dependent competition.
The 1977 year-class appeared to comprise a major element of both spring
and autumn research catches in 1979 and 1980. This is shown in Figure 2 by
the magnitude and robustness of modes representing two-and three-year-olds.
While winter flounder abundance generally declined in regions 1-3 during this
period (refer to Figure 6 of the previous report), the stratified mean length
increased from 1978 through 1980, illustrating the passage of this cohort to
the mean age of recruitment.
Enhanced recruitment beginning in 1980 is indicated by commercial fisheries
statistics. In 1980, reported landings from all fishing grounds encompassing
the range of movement for this population group, i.e., Vineyard and Nantucket
Sounds (NMFS statistical area 538), West Side South Channel (521), Nantucket
Shoals (526), and southern New England (537), showed an unprecedented annual
increase (77%) to 8,197 MT. While some of this gain was due to an increase in
effort (14%), it is probable that a real increase in population biomass occurred
(S.H. Clark, personal communication, 1983). Landings increased again in 1981
to 8,561 MT, undoubtedly reflecting the continuing strength and recruitment of
the 1977 year-class.
Although not statistically different from other years, the 1979 YOY mean
density index was the second highest in the timeseries. Unlike the 1977 year-
class, this was not initially apparent from survey length- frequencies until
autumn, 1980 (Figure 2). In spring, 1981, its relative strength appeared to
have been partially masked by fast-growing one-year-olds (1980 year-class).
In summary, changes in the seine survey sampling design and refinements in
analysis have resulted in more precise indices of winter flounder year-class
abundance. The significantly strongest year-class in the seine survey timeseries
compares favorably with subsequent percent length- frequency composition modes in
the inshore bottom trawl survey timeseries. This 1977 cohort appears to have
contributed substantially to winter flounder biomass on territorial and offshore
grounds as substantiated by nominal commercial landings of winter flounder.
REFERENCES
Howe, A.B. and P.G. Coates. 1975. Winter flounder movements, growth, and
mortality off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society 104:13-29.
24
Howe, A.B. and P.G. Coates. 1976. Winter flounder estuarine year-class
abundance, mortality, and recruitment. Transactions of the American
Fisheries Society 105:647-657.
Pierce, D.E. and A.B. Howe. 1977. A further study on winter flounder group
identification off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fish-
eries Society 106:131-139.
Tyler, A.V. 1971. Surges of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus ,
into the intertidal zone. Journal Fisheries Research Board Canada
28:1727-1732.
25
Figure 1.
Stratified mean density (y t ) for
young-of-the-year winter flounder
from southern Cape Cod estuaries,
1975-1982.
to
Z
LU
Q
Z
<
.6--
.5--
<
tO
.4--
3- lmmiii iil lll ll l J :
75
76
77
78
YEAR
79
80
81
82
Figure 2. Stratified mean number per tow for regions 1 - 3 by
3-r
2--
3--
M
<D
W
•H
E 3 '
bO
C
•H
ft *
(0
i
O I '
■p
h
d)
ft
c 3 +
I
e 2
•t)
0)
»p
•H
tl 1
2
p
w
length frequency intervals for winter flounder
j < 77 inshore bottom trawl survey .1978 - 1982.
197
SPRING
AUTUMN
1979
1980
1981
1
2 3
Length in centimeters
40
-.5
«1
-.5
^.5
-r1
— .5
— 1
-.5
w
0)
w
•H
o
(0
■M
ft
(1)
3
c
s
<D
•H
Mh
•H
■P
2
■P
C/D
SMOJ, #
cn
cn
'Q'S 2
ueaw co
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to
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n-
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CM
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en
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in
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Table 2. Stratified mean density indices (y ) for
young-of-the-year winter flounder, 1975-1982.
Stock Unit Year
No. of
Stations
Stratified mean
density index
<y s t>
95%
Confidence Limits
South coast
of Cape Cod
1975
1976
14
37
0.31
0.33
0.293-0.327
0.318-0.342
1977
1978
37
35
0.62
0.34
0.602-0.638
0.322-0.358
1979
37
0.49
0.473-0.507
1980
36
0.40
0.386-0.414
1981
33
0.33
0.315-0.345
1982
48
0.38
0.359-0.401
'"able 3. Summary of z statistics (corrected for ties)
from V/ilcoxon nonparametric
tests for two-way comparisons of YOY winter flounder
densities (y _,_) between years.
?6
7?
73
79
30
81
3?
7^ -1.0130" -2.17^0 -0.0221 -1.^936 -0.9075 -0.1671 -0.1515
7* -2.1519* -1.2627 -1.1093 -0.2300 -0.9226 -1.0323
77 ^2.6984* -1.19^6 -1.9971* -2.5870* -2.7212
78 -1.9322 -1.1156 -0.0377 -0.0922
79 -0.9268 -1.3^10 -1.7316
80
31
-1.0075 -0.8225
-0.1915
Significant at P= 0.05
Appendix Table 1
Average bottom temperature by depth interval and region, Massachusetts
inshore bottom trawl surveys, spring and autumn, 1982.
Region
1
SPRING
Depth (m)
< 9.3 9.4-18.3 18.4-27.4 27.5-36.6 36.7-54.9 > 55.0 Mean Range
11.7
11.2
10.9
7.0
10.5
11.0
8.8
5.8
9.8
8.0
5.6
5.8
6.6
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.4
10.2 5.3-14.0
11.1 8.8-12.0
8.0 4.2-11.0
5.3 3.3- 7.0
7.1
6.3
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.3
5.2 3.2- 7.9
Region
1
2
3
4
5
AUTUMN
Depth (m)
<9.3 9.4-18.3 18.4-27.4 27.5-36.6 36.7-54.9 > 55.0 Mean Range
17.3 17.4 16.9 15.4 17.0 13.5-18.2
18.3
15.9
16.1
13.0
18.3
14.7
12.3
12.4
12.6
9.2
9.4
9.5
7.8
7.5
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.1
18.3 14.7-20.4
12.8
9.9
8.9
7.2-16.8
6.9-17.3
6.9-14.1
Table 2. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for Atlantic cod
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
th
2
3
4
5
6
7
e
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
-22
23
_24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
.055
. .811
5.583
15.246
..4.678
.696
.095
1.048
3.388
1.955
_ .521
.142
.130
.681
4.904
2.067
,.476
.083
.276
.041
.041
.072
.072
.022
.145
.072
.217
.087
. 406
.319
.435
.217
. 145
.116
.043
.072
.072
.043
.072
.245
.043
.043
. 087
.043
.072
.045
.213
.331
.414
.172
.776
.820
.376
.604
.300
.501
.255
.177.
.466
.263
.373
.170
.090
.208
.286
.132
.209
.583
.768
.082
.292
.038
.207
.082
.079
.082
.125
.082
.119.
..895
.990
.611
.031
.083
.421
.337
.616
1.038
.981
2.793
3.233
2.563
2.768
2.945
3.237
2.610
2.589
1.397
1.006
1.271
.749
.934
.965
.943
.890
.814
.813
1.640
.839
1.214
.119
.479
.388
.573
.871
.451
.380
.602
.043
.071
.041
.262
.086
1.475
.086
2.511
.038
.199
.038
.063
.038
.119
.038
1.385
1.007
.041
1.278
.559
.327
.094
.063
.031
.072
.105
i
.421
.421
.105
.421
.948
.316 j
.843
.527
.316
.421
.421
.316
.105
.105
.211
.211
.336
.105
.105
.020
.125
.020
.020
.105
Appendix Table 2. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
engtF
5o
60
U
055
055
.055
.055
.055
.109
.055
.055
.055
.055
.055
.055
.055
.055
.072
.072
.072
.116
.072
. 043
.072
.043
.072
.072
.043
.041
• 041
.079
.045
.125
.082
.247
.123
.041
.041
.045
.082
.041
.041
.045
.127
.041
.079
.041
.041
.041
.041
.041
.041
.041
.122
.517
.237
.167
.486
.104
.232
.370
.169
.169
.020
.199
.020
.117
.063
.020
105
020
105
.063
.072
.041
.041
Appendix Table 2. (Cont. )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
-- -•-- —
.
"
- - ■
.... .
—
•
- —
-
-
:
-
_ - ..
. _ — —
_ —
—
— —
-
. - —
. _
— — ..
*
- . .
-
9
9o
--
— —
.090
- ■
1
2
—
. ... .
.-::
3
4
.045
5
A
■ —
.... . . . - . ..
— "- - -
. — — ■-- _ .
■-
* w
7
.8
.041
.9
. lQo
_
. 1
. . .
.2
-
3
- 4
5
6
7
8
9
110
1
1
2
3
4
5
,
_.
.
6
7
8
9
U.
.072
1
2
3
4
-
5
6
.7
| 51
-
27.911
7.148
12.301
11.956
49.274
0.187
0.407
16.654
^gth
6.84
5.31
15.38
33.30
28.55
20.07
6.13
18.25
nppenuix
Table 3,
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for haddock
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
mgth
cm)
1
2
3
H
5
1 ■
2
3
4
5
1
._
—
—
--"--•-■
2
-
3
4
._ _
—
— - - -
—
S-
— - ■
•
-
5
6
— . — —
— •
■
- —
—
• - •
_...._
.127
.161
.408
7
1.338
e
.418
.368
6.635
9
1.159
.041
13,713
10
1.000
.254
23.108
1 1
.290
.041
10.746
12
.145
2.479
13
—
.402
U
_
15
m
r
- •• ■ -
.031
16
- • - -
17
... ._
.... _.
-
IB
_ _
19
- ■—
-
20
. _
2\
_ ..
. ..
21
.035
23
—
.24
„ . . ._
25
_ _ - ..
.035
26
_. . .
_ . .
27
._.
28
. _.
29
30
31
32
.33
34
►
35
..
.
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
_
46
. -
47
-— 4J.
-
— ■
•
1
*gth
Appendix Table 3. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
, ngth
! nm 1
1
2
3
*
5
•
1
2
* 3
4
5
„ _.
, — ..-.
«
----- -
- - •
-
9
5o
1
_.......
.012
-
-
6
-
1
2
7_..
- . -
3
...
i
1 4
. — -
•
—
5
- -
-
- --' " "*
— ■ —
-
6
.
,
7
*
9
6o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
7o
1
1
1 2
| 3
! 4
»
5
_
m
6
7
•
8
1 *
8.
1
2
3
1 4
5
6
-J
-
0.072
0.070
3.013
0.993
58.858
"
50.00
23.50
9.53
8.26
9.74
Table 4,
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for silver hake
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
th
)
1
. 2
3
4
5
1 *
2
3
4
5
. 1
2
3
-
•- — — — ■
— .
~~ ■ ■ ~
.041
4
5
-
•
—
♦ ....
.219
... —
.688
.105
6
.319
3.322
5.667
8.014
,105
2.565
3.592
2.377
.122
.123
.117
.105
7
.080
.156
8
.387
.020
9
.959
.221
.041
.080'
8.191
.468
1.585
.281
.184
10
2.463
.150
.045
.100
7.936
.527
.443
.045
.127
11
.944
• 0.48
,.159
.166.
.328 .
5.254
.575
.533
.041
.054
12
.863
.114
.121
.288
3.197
.144
.072
.153
1.970
13
.514
• 07 1
• 121
.224
3.721
.071
.443
4.501
14
.590
. 070
.288
1.268
.043
.524
9.270
15
.313
J.04
.661
.216
1.750
12.160
16
.211
.048
.020"
I_~ .301
.897
2.951
12.121
17
.077
.020
3.206
4.518
8.919
IB
.045
.124
3.420
6.126
6,924
19
.135
. .045
.040
5.245 ,
6.900
4.775
20
.045
.144
.6.315
6.110
3.097
21
.022
.072
.124
.022
4.174
3.089
2.094
22
.045
.248
.120
3.377
2.082
.530
23
.125
.103
.044
.812
1.194
.485
. 24
.166
.083
.066
.145
.780
.594
25
.044
.043
•082
.251
.180
.333
.604
.842
26
.153
.290
.228
.478
.618
1.182
27
.197
.041
.084
.022
.362
.994
1.217
28
.415
.072
.084
.022
.072
.950
.696
29
.546
.041
.063
.087
.673
.857
30
.361
.076
.044
.130
.614
.741
31
.109
.294
.022
.532
.425
32
.175
.059
.022
.241
.305
33
.022
.045
.169
.267
.160
34
.066
.169
.221
.311
35
.066
.084
.022
.090
.060
36
.022
.045
.041
.185
37
.131
.045
.031
.136
.120
38
.045
.059
.041
.040
39
.041
.083
.127
.080
40
.022
.082
.090
.291
41
.035
.045
.060
42
.041
.084
.020
43
.022
.040
.045
44
.020
.125
45
.045
.045
.020
46
47
.045
.045
.041
9.908
0.096
1.223
2.036
4.123
48.335
1.820
41.239
43.849
75.928
8th
•
15.68
_ 13.50
12.04
24.50
22.55
9.72
10.04
16,31
20,17
17.56
fable 4. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for silver hake
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
flgth
cm)
l
. 2
3
4
5
1 *
2
3
4
5
.1
2
3
— — — - —
__.. ._
— : ._ ...
— —
-— — — —
..... .
.041
A
* ....
..
5
.219
.688
.105
6
— —
• -
3.322
5.667
,105
2.565
3.592
.122
.123
.105
7
• 080_
.156
8
.387
.319
8.014
2.377
.117
.020
9
.959
.221
.041
.080'
8.191
.468
1.585
.281
.184
10
2.463
.150
.045
.100
7.936
.527
.443
.045
.127
11
. 944
• O.M-8
,.1.59
.166
.328 .
5.254
. .575
.533
.041
.054
12
.863
.114
.121
.288
3.197
.144
.072
.153
1.970
13
.514
• 07 1
._121
.224
3.721
.071
.443
4.501
14
.590
. 070
.288
1.268
.043
.524
9.270
15
.313
.104
.661
.216
1.750
12.160
"
.211
.048
.020"
".301
.897
2.951
12.121
17
1
.077
.020
3.206
4.518
8.919
18
.045
.124
3.420
6.126
6,924
19
.135
_ .045
.040
5.245 ,
6.900
4.775
20
.045
.144
6.315
6.110
3.097
2\
.022
.072
.124
.022
4.174
3.089
2.094
22
.045
.248
.120
3.377
2.082
.530
23
.125
.103
.044
.812
1.194
.485
.24
.166
.083
.066
.145
.780
.594
25
.044
.043
•082
.251
.180
.333
.604
.842
26
.153
.290
.228
.478
.618
1.182
27
.197
.041
.084
.022
.362
.994
1.217
26
.415
.072
.084
.022
.072
.950
.696
29
.546
.041
.063
.087
.673
.857
i
30
.361
.076
.044
.130
.614
.741
31
.109
.294
.022
.532
.425
32
.175
.059
.022
.241
.305
.33
.022
.045
.169
.267
.160
34
.066
.169
.221
.311
35
.066
.084
.022
.090
.060
36
.022
.045
.041
.185
37
.131
.045
.031
.136
.120
38
.045
.059
.041
.040
39
.041
.083
.127
.080
i <0
.022
.082
.090
.291
! 4 '
.035
.045
.060
42
.041
.084
.020
43
.022
.040
.045
44
.020
.125
45
.045
.045
.020
46
.045
.045
47
.
-— M
.041
9.908
0.096
1.223
2.036
4.123
48.335
1.820
41.239
43.849
75.928
eth
15.68
. 13.50
12.04
24.50
22.55
9.72
10.04
16.31
20,17
17.56
Table 5. Stratified mean number per tow ( unt ran s formed) for red hake
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
'
jngth
(cm)
_1.
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
.3
A
.,0_56
.167
.....056
-
. ._
— —
~~ ■■■
5
6
7
— — . .
.12_0.
—
8
.048
9
; .136
.361
10
.055
.076
.020 .
*_022
.
.045
.113
1)
.153
.142
- ■
- ■
.079
-..139 -
.063
12
. ^ .534
_._..,..104._
. .579
13
.328
• 048
,iao
.208
1.512
14
.066
.048
.480
..323. .
.180. .
...072
1.564
..15
.308
.362.
.303
.217
.041
1.831
16
" .165
.423.
.040
.._.
. __
.435
.041
1.757
17
.141..
.115
.040
. .
1.638
.123
2.494
IB
.022
!
.171
1.710
.082
2.100
19
.087
.033
.139
2.594 .
.621
1.610
20
.121
.045
1.638
.950
2.098
21
.022
.070
.144
.161
.957
1.655
1.262
12
.022
i
.090
____.084_
.580
2.461
.865
... -23
•056
i
,070. ...
... _..Q.84_.
.022
.072
3.686
1.308
21
.022
.043
.131
.041
_ .045
..... ,02.0
.104
. 020
.161
• 066
.153
-
.072
.072
1.918
1.455
1.074
.367
25
1 26
- - !-
.535
.857
27
.0t+i+
:
_ ...070 _
.022
-i .-
.650
.738
28
.022
_. ...125
.227
i
i
•1
.811
1.107
29
.022
__. .252
.104
.153
i
1.173
1.049
30
.131
.109
2.014
1.140
31
... .090
.020
2.026
1.038
32
'
.136
2.839
.888
33
.240
.495
• 226
1.992
.811
34
.71+3
. ..141 .
_ .136
.066
w
—1.170
_ .592
35
.590
1-201
•121
.084
1.584
.345
36
1.060
•296
.l**7_
1.475
.341
37
.721
.928
.221
.253
1.382
.305
38
.71+3
1.473
.127
.135
1.290
.245
39
.787
'
.779
.090
.147
.022
.612
.470
40
.962
2.781
.240
.188
.022
.767
.361
4,
.71+3
.048
.891
.082
.031
.533
.265
42
2.1+04
.048
1.183 .
.127
.169
.331
.325
43
1.603
1.306
.090
.063
.462
.040
1 U
1.224
.750
.082
.197
.356
45
.481
.476
.238
.730
.105
46
.240
.873
.... .J082
..•210
.266
.080
1 * 7
.743
.159
.041
„._iP.?0
-
.244
.511
.145
.040
8th
'
p
- - -
Appendix Table 5 . ( Cont . )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
ength
__3_
9
5o
6o
—
_a2!£0
— _
.022
.481
_. .
— , — .
080
. 022
.262
.022
080
.082
.,035.
,041
.._0H-1_
.041
.063
.150
.060
.125
.100
.203
.040
.243
,020
.172
.020
.035
.070
.060
.082
.080
.045
.060
7o
.041
.045
15.345
38.03
.240
23.60
14.982
39.85
6.176
27.51
3.164
28.47
2.145
19.99
10.058
18.89
38.462
30.91
32.060
23.63
. .- (-"- 4 4 ^ — <*V
Table 6.
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for white hake
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
ngth
U
1
2
3
4
5
1 *
2
3
4
5
. . . - .
- ■
_ 2
-■■ - - --—
- 3
— -
— ■ ~
—
s
•
.638
• 1H3
- — -• -
-
-
"".109
.095
-
.055
• - - -
.460
.079
8
9
10
.164
.106
.248
11
12
.095
.041
.020
.864
.153
U
.047
.041
.084
.565
.318
14
.142
.045
.337
.055
1.038
.630
15
.047
.104
.055
.055
1.380
.429
.514
.308
.031
\6
.383
.145
.235
.061
17
18
.020
.164
.377
.243
.490
19
.048
.104
.055
.254
.670
20
.063
.072
.459
1.645
21
.055
. . .
.816
.539
1.247
22
.020
.055
.145
.510
1.080
23
.045
.055
.509
1.728
-24
-.
.430
1.473
25
.020
.109
.341
.965
26
.090
.040
.090
.496
27
.035
.214
.418
28
.020
.045
.167
29
.022
.045
.031
30
.084
.045
31
.168
32
.262
.33
.045
.092
34
»
.086
.061
35
.020
.176
.031
36
.168
.031
37
.041
.105
38
.045
.136
39
.045
40
41
.086
42
43
.127
44
.086
45
46
.020
.041
47
.045
.041
5th.
"
Appendix Table 6. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
mgtF
ad—
9
5o
i
i
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
6o
l
2
3
. 4
5
6
7
8
9
7o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.109
7.00
0.616
11.15
0.343
27.47
0.957
18.82
1.279
17.25
.045
.045
.041
.041
.082
7.284
13.91
7.769
24.02
4$:
.822
74
*^^^r
*mm
Table 7 .
Stratified mean number per
tow (untransformed) for scup
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING AUTUMN
.
Regions
mgth
•
1 cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
2
3
■
.109
.192
4
•
177.510
130.105
.038
5
2005.549
1058.346
3.784
1.099
6
2902.598
1183.633
15.014
.240
7
.111
1037.846
598.191
27.670
.172
1 8
.111
*
463.234
209.201
5.697
9
1.221
.096
208.169
7.881
.799
10
3.632
.719
67.617
11
3.737
1.581
33.060
.048
12
1.886
.527
1.872
1.135
13
.056
2.112
8.285
.616
14
.166
6.448
8.023
1.309
15
.995
-•
— - --
7.350
18.442
1.540
16
2.317
.190
5.936
1.726
1.155
17
3.085
.806
1.893
.258
.154
,8
1.487
.521
.454
.053
19
.443
.520
.705
.105
.154
20
.501
.378
.585
.630
.231
21
.110
.568
1.149
.473
22
.278
.473
.739
.263
23
.166
.662
.437
.420
24
.056
.284
.328
.473
25
.110
.378
.080
.772
.473
26
.111
.047
.158
27
.047
.055
.105
28
.142
.492
.105
29
.164
30
.047
.109
31
.056
32
.056
.047
.055
33
.055
.053
34
.053
%
-
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
i "
47
JP""
20.691
8.034
0.080
6927.400
3228.828
58.122
1.550
>Hth
13.93
17.25
25.00
6.14
6.03
7.46
5.35
Table 8. Stratified mean number per tow (untransfonned) for black sea bass
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
'
Regions
.ngth
•
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
2
.288
3
_ 32.751
32.583
4
301.120
111.209 .
4.264.
.
.
5
301.096
146.149
2.468
6
61.602
_45_. 011
4.851
7
37.792
_ 3.096
e
..
..
. _ —
16.459
1.413
9
| ,0
_.
. — .
— ...
.._ _._.....
11
- -
_._. . — .
- -
— - ■
12
. . - .
— , —
-
—
-
13
t
- -
.139
• -—
14
"
. 15
-
.
16
17
__ __ _ _. . _ .
*•"
IB
-
19
.. .
.._.
20
.048
21
.055
... ..
»
.378
.123
_
23
.080
.190
.
24
.295
.520
25
.569
.154
26
.080
.332
.053
27
.425
.139
.148
28
.095
.329
.450
29
.095
.100
30
.080
.047
.196
31
.142
.139
.345
32
.569
33
.238
34
.080
.286
.080
%
.048
-
35
.190
.096
1
36
.135
.142
...196
37
.148
38
.047
.053
39
.144
40
.048
41
.048
42
43
44
.095
«
.047
46
.080
_ r __
! 47
-— 41
I
- -
•
'■
Appendix Table 8. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
,e
i
ngth
1
2
3
H
5
•
1
5
' 3
4
5
c
—
.j-
_ — __
_ — .
• —
._.
— - -
- ■
. —
9
— —
— — . . --_
—
— .
- — - —
*
.
__5o
_ 1
-
— . .
.077
,077
. 2
•>
- -
— - --
— -
-
.077
4
rrzi"
~'~"
1 _ . .
. j _ .
.
5
-
— .
-----
-
-* _ _ ^ -
-
6
.
._...._.
-
.077
| 7
.055
. -
..
—
-
£
- -■
9
6o
.077
1
- -
2
3
- -■ -
-
- 4
—
-5
6
-_ .
.
.
7
_ -
8
9
_
7o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
8
9
80
l
2
3
_ . .
4
_
5
6
I
. . .._„..
.
7
■ - -
- --
U
0.940
4.503
0.357
751.568
341.773
11.968
ength
30.79
28.70
25.97
4.78
4.80
6.62
M
fable 9.
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for tautog
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
igth
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
i
-
—
—
— —
i — — -
2
3
— —
_
—
4
5
• -
..__. --
—
— — —
.069
-
6
_.0J&.
_ .
.103
7
— --
■ — — —
—
.... .. ..
- -
.•103
8
9
.055
— — —
— .. —
—
*
....
10
,158
_
11
.....
.053
_. . _
12
.056
•105
13
.078
•0 4 _8.
■
.100
14
15
.189
. _
16
.056
—
-
.053
, ..
17
18
19
.047
.053
,
20
.047
.055
.263
21
.055
.210
22
.166
.047
.153
_23
.056
....
2i
.167
25
.055
26
.111
.189
.
27
.279
.047
.053
2B
.055
.142
29
.095_
^
30
.334 _
.070
31
32
.334
.095
33
__'_Q95
. _.
3 <
.444
. .238
_ .038
._
»
..
-
1
35
.502
.142
.105
36
.554
.284
"'.
37
.334
.095
_
36
.446
.095
_
.105
39
.390
.142
.105
40
.669
.426
.105
41
.334
.520
.038
42
.502
.521
43
.390
.425
44
.333
.521
45
.446
.379
.053
46
.502
.284
47
.390
.389
.236
.426
th
-
Appendix Table 9. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
agth
a)
,5o
L
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
6o
i
2
3
, 4
-5
6
7
8
9
7o
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
80
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
?th
• 557.
.834
.142
.22 3
.334
". 557
. 167
.223
.056
.111
.111
^32.
.142
.055
.139
.175
.301
,095
..142
.095
.047
.095
.048
.105
.120
.120
11.601
41.52
6.959
40.92
0.076
37.50
1.089
49.51
1.776
25.51
0.275
6.13
Appendix
Table 10.
Stratified mean number per
• tow (untrans formed) for ocean pout
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and aut'jnn, 1982.
SPRING AUTUMN
.
Regions
mgth
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
■
1
2
3
4
5
_j
- - —
.038
.041
_2
— - ■
3
4
5
.076
.
.
6
.076
7
.041
8
.041
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
- - -
- • -
.090
.196
.293
»
----- ■■- - ■
...•943
_.07.2
.045
.045
.308
1.116
1.588
1.905
.045
.020
.045
.226
.333
1.883
■ --- —
.213
.908
• 413
.871
_.. 16
1.020
.472
1.26.0
.187
17
.022
_____
1.657
_tl66
.
.753
.199
18
.022
.747
.455
,594
19
1.090
1.315.
.575
.259
—
•
.263
.917
.211
20
.044
,211
21
.757
.10 4_
1.180
.873
22
_l_tll8_.
.283
...
1.867
.776
-23
.066
-■
1.387
.374
.340
.101
_. _i878_
.382
.868
— . — ..,-.-
... ...
.072
2.132
1.963
1.689
1.378
.991
1.557
.922
.24
25
26
27
1.464
.680
.044
1.980
.880
1.878
.272
.044
.131
r
1.591
1.682
.217
28
.527
29
.066
.1.410
.68.1
.072
2.201
.231
30
.335
1.814
.754
4.721
1.352
31
.175
.145
1.447
. .785
4.213
.745
32
.197
.141
.836
1.187
.072
4.907
.751
33
.109
1.607
.843
3.217
.593
34
.153
.131
1.368
.__.J+68 '
.405
--■
—
__ .....072
2,383
2.750
- .553
35
_._^U22_
J759_
.332
36
.175
.131"
1.204
1.214
_.1J+9Q.
1.325
...
2.110
1.786
.682
37
.699
38
.087
.043
.939
.663
1.368
.617
39
.153
1.084
1.564
1.771
.376
40
•219
.141
1.411
2.. 462
1.777
.929
41
.066
.141
1.063
1.973
1.400
.447
42
.153
.072
1.017
2.657
1.070
.332
43
.175
_.493_
1.467
1.146
.447
44
.175
1.026
3.529
1.119
.060
45
.109
. 1.1JW
4.263
.891
.768
L-46
.153
1.460
6.434
.738
,376
47
.189
.679
2.792
.828
.248
igth
.240
1.084
3.111
.693
.020
— - -
- —
- - -
Appendix Table 10 . ( Cont . )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
Sgth
cm)
' 3
9
5o
i
2
3
4
5
i>
7
8
9
6o
]
2
3
-• 4
— J
6
7
e
9
7o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8o
i
2
3
4
i
6
7
>gth
•066.
.153
..109.
.022
.160
.284
.259
.044
.160
.022
.022
.055
•1Q9
.109
.055
.072
.214
.072
.286
.145
.284
.072
.143
• 286.
.141.
-•_214
.141
.072
•.212
". 141
.212
_• IJtl
.141
.141
.141
.141
_._.J94
_2^284
.4.021
.2.8.99
1.518
3.378
_3JiD
2.548
2.293
2.823
1^844
.l_-_ 594
2.911
1,011
-88-8-
„_^7.B4.
_ .659
._355.
_.iip.
.241
.613
.653
_ .244
.438
. 206
_.__. 283
• 246
..205
•200
.121
.202
.082
.082
.158
.076
,041
.038
3.245
8.582
6.005
5.050
5.563
_6.594
7 . 794
8.174
5.534
6.370
5.685
7.647
4.542
2.,.274
2,456
2.10JZ
JL.576
1...172
1.376
.337
.277
.130
_.097
_^Q9_4
.157
,020
,094.
_.0_66
.149
.063
.031
.072
,512_
.368.
.302
.216
.206
.417
.150
.115
.090
.035
.035
.076
.080
.080
.070
.090
.080
.090
.051
.417 ...
.105
.105
,165
.125
.020
.105
.045
.045
w
Appendix Table 10- (Cont. )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
jngth
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
- —
— -
—
..
._ .
-
- - -
- •---•
—
— • -
. . _._.
._
- - -
—
-
- - -
._
. . _
•
- -
—
—
-
—
..
..__ -
_ _
... . .
-
•
9
- - — • ■■
,141
.038
?0
_
■ -. -
— .._ __ -
J
2
.3
4
"
.038
.
.-•
5
_
._. — . - _.
— .__
—
.6
- — -
—
^
-
7
- - — -
.8
.9
. ...
-
-■
lQo
1
-
2
-
3
--
4
..._.._...
.
-•--■-
5
6
7
-
. . .
-
B
9
llo
1
-
1
2
. .
3
4
m
5
. _ „
6
. . _. ii
7
.
- - —
8
1 9
/
12 o
l
2
.3
4
•
:
.7
tal
-----
5.191
4.388
82.992
137.889
0.478
65.823
21.620
kngth
43.19
62.59 .
44.14
50.90
29.61
31.54
29.54
T*
Appendix
Table 11.
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for northern searobin
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
(
Regions
Length
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
_._l
2
—
— -
. .
—
3
4
5
6
7
6
*
9
_
14. 374
41.352
31.366
" 9.829
~ 3.033"
2.742"
.-8.465
7.751
9.308
.297
.263
1.169
1^807
2.165
7.911
2.326
.034
■
10
11
12
0.022
0.186
1.233
- -■ —
0.080
0.877
— _
—
2.555
-
.105
13
14
-.- 15
16
. 17
_ 18
. 19
20
0.827
0.797
0.164
0.160
0.325
1.443
0.048
6.618
3.888
>
.055
.131
.053
.053
.053
■
2.542
1.833
0.551
0.478
0.947
2.889
—
0.035"
<
.21
22
23
-24
25
26
3_.590_
9.167
10.741
10.757
5.998
5.594
43.818
94.444
178. 766
178 . 951
239.319
267.058
11.554
23.578
22.402
11.491
. .. _ .
•
.077
.712
.164
.219
_ .,164
.398
.053
.053
.263
1.728
2.665
3.349
.213
.213
.213
.038
.038
.114
.041
5.835
4.571
0.035
.050
27
3.422
119.558
2.179
.949
2.943
.213
.156
28
2.020
84.000
J.. 373
- .493
1.989
.106
29
0.890
35.428
Q..223
.757
1.993
.106
30
1.281
96.534
.791
1.185
.106
.079
31
0.223
33.006
0.549
.216
.559
.106
32
0.135
48.272
0.071
.388
.311
.213
.034
33
8.180
.194
.297
34
10.968
P.080_
.124
• .105
.038
-
35
0.240
. 13.9
36
0.192
37
JL£73.
38
.
39
40
41
«
43
44
45
46
_....___.
47
|»tal
58.973
1445.399
98.469
0.070
108.480
46.475
16.866
0.574
0.155
i L ength
23.42
25.73
22.12
22.00
7.70
13.88
6.40
25.77
15.80
npueuu-LX
Table
12. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for longhorn sculp in
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autrjnn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
ngth
•
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
j
_...
-
•
.038
2
. J
—
4
5
- .
_
—
- ... .
— . _- .
"
6
7
_.
: —
—
0.061
- - —
8
, 0.141_„_
1.080
.082
9
0.038
2.712
.041
10
0.161
1.557
.041
.211
,1
0.141 ~
_0 '. 041
0.843
.072
.038
.211
12
0.080
6.079
0.849
.072
.045
1.135
13
" 0.035
2 . 314
.232
.304
3.185
|4
0.131
2.686
1
.710
.800
7.172
15
0.072
0.297
4.771
. 362
.735
8.212
16
0.746
7.614
.232
.539
4.217
1 V
17
1.560
7.285
"
.449
.416
1.492
IB
0.145
2.213
6.025
.377
.379
.743
19
0.072
2.470
4.123
.145
.296
1.961
20
0.080
0.297
3.425
6.947
.217
.128
5.927
21
0.306
0.763
2.370
3.683
.072
.213
5.535
22
0.852
0.048
0.971
1.831
4.740
.304
.650
4.257
- 23
1.144
1.400
1.820
6.950
.426
2.387
t 2K
1.115
1.429
. 1.426
6.679
.362
.254
1.846
25
0.714
0.096
2.536
1.314
.9.034
.159
.123
2.188
26
1.086
0.189
2 . 694
1.577
9.042
.290
.329
2.415
27
1.056
0.288
3.045
_.?_._052
6.527
.217
.121
1.544
28
0.867
0.334
.2.254
_ 0,831
4.597
.: .290
.108
1.435
29
0.594
0.334
1.149
J.. 619
4.076
.217
.489
30
1.435
0.287
2.399
1.480
3.367
.217
.207
1.387
31
0.430
0.238
1.710
0.814
1.104
.241
32
0.350
0.384
1.764
. 432
0.640
.041
.031
33
0.350
0.192
0.853
. 244
0.242
34
0.048
0.565_
" 0.121
%
-
35
0.055
0.048
0.505
0.093
36
0.048
0.245
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
0.055
-
0.174
0.033
.105
10.488
2.533
25.406
29.219
109.582
5.000
6.354
58.325
8th
26.60
29.53
27.25
22.87
21.26
20.11
18.80
19.23
W 1
Appendix
Table 13
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for yellowtail
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
1
Regi
ons
ength
(cm)
l
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
_ i
2
3
4
—
■
—
—
-
- - -
- — —
-
.
-
5
6
7
8
9
10
.11
. 12
13
14
— 15 .
__. . 16
17
,072
.228
.038
.079
.038
.038
.052
.247
.063
.031
.. ,126
...182_
_._08.4
.230
.099
...
.063
—
.144
.126
.113
.141
.130
_ • 072 _
75 41
.293
.917
.D72
.041
-218
^
.228
.041
1.724
18
.185
.131 _
.094
.284
.164
1.928
19
.551
.*2.67.__
.229
.301
.366
2.871 .
20
.022
.368.
? 694
.420
.648
2.500
21
.116
.585
.555
.652
.617
1.914
22
.286
•546
1.768
.357
.451
1.305
- -J3
.022 _.
.473
._,_5_21
1.958
. ._
. .
.736
.122
.514
-24
.665
.1.514
1.980
...
1.139
.163
.635
25
26
27
28
.022
.918
.784
.880
.1.149
1-.1.50
2.373
2.188
2.903
1.954
•- -- •■
• - ■ --
1.531
2.018
1.719
2.172
,196
.199
.162
.635
1.278
.066_
• Q66
.044
1.570
.549
1.800
1-147
4.623
29
30
.204
.044
.922
1.554
1.839
4 . 742_
...
..
2.004
2.313
.695
.868
2.818
1.216
1.025
2.344
31
.044
1.504
1.022
3,044_
1.661
.462
1.342
32
33
.044
.109
— . — —
2.351
2^8.64 „
.801
. 4 1 946.
3.834_
.. .
1.976
1.141
.867
,726
.790
_ J12R
.370
34
.066
2.946
.834
5T.104..
.855
.371
.882
35
36
2.716
.815
.893
5.897
5.384
- ■ •
— -
.739
.449
.160
.125
.365
2.297
.826
1 37
2.803
.573
4.555
.159
.038
.457
38
1.4.06.
.420
3.355
.431 „
.080
.281
39
.788
.498
2.018
.072
.157
40
.505
.416
2.605
.072
.114
41
.504.
.041
1.336
.217
.105
42
43
—
.141 .
..209
_ ... 041 .
.691
.208
.072
.087
.105
.214
44
.082
.033
45
. Q41
.356
46
.104
47
- ■ • • —
.084
.115
...
.072
.072
a
*gth
•
— -
Appendix Table 13. (Cont.)
1
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
;ngth
r>m 1
1
2
3
**
5
•
1
2
' 3
4
5
>■
t_.
_.. z
—
__.
. . .... __
— - -
.
-
9
.
'.084
......
-
-
5o
i
.031
2
— ,
4
5
• -
■ -
— ---
.. .___.__._ ^_
- — _ :
...
• — —
.. 6
— .
7
8
....
-
9
6o
- -
- — - • -
—
2
....
--
—
3
■
_
.:
.
6
7
.. _
8
_
_ __ — .
9
... . - . —
- . ...
_.
7o
1
■
-
2
3
_.
4
_ .
. - ....
—
~ . — _.
5
_
. .
. ...
.
. . .
. -
6
.
.— . .
-. -- — _
._.-
7
g
- - -----
_..
9
,
8o
-
•
. .-
2
3
—
....
4
H
a.
-
•
• -
1
0.750
29.136
19.679
67.964
24.255
8.275
35.387
ngth
29.32
32.44
28.68
32.11
28.58
27.39
25.23
II
Table 14. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for winter flounder
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
-
Regions
ngth
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
*
1
2
3
4
5
J
2
. —
—
- - - --
-
- -
-
3
4
5
.
.106
.076
.191
.340
.034
.038
.038
•
6
.076
- -
J
.055
.191
8
.047
.166
.185
1.043
.139
.. .161
9
.109
•263 .
.900
.095
.827
.710
10
___!_PM_
.126
11
.154
.1.696. _
12
1.115,
.190.
_ .1.334 ..
_2,264
.099
13
1.706
.142
1.562
3.243
.055
.276
1.263
14
1.242
.286
.754
1.462
2.026
' .053
.435
3.377
... 15
2.229
.382
.212
1.334
2.696
.120
.048
1.793
2.051
__ )6
.962
.617
1.522
3.100
.668
.072
6.175
3.151
■
... . 17
.660
.285
.080
1.797
,2.954
• 941
.048
.077
7.594
4.788
18
1.345
.714
.239
1.416
4.094
1.243
•1° 5
.744
6.767
5.555
10
.819
1.493 .
.190
.76Z
.159
.292
1.097_
. .1.384-
... .3.170
_4.225
1.340
.179 .
.154
9.033
6.640
5.833
20
1.0.01
.048.
7.730
, -21
11
•949__
. l._32?__
2.250
2.t_223
.... .712.
.715
.542
1.987
._. 1..796
2.957
.5.830
4.133
3.218
.393
.131
.208
.148
.816
.430
2.203
.650
5.250
4.427
3.560
4.962
7.563
6.593
22
_._5_73_._
1?047_
.989
7.224
"7
-24
.353
. 2.521
3.162
.164
.053
5.335
25
2..933.
1.148.
1.272
_...3.,164
2.342
.704
1.388
5.227
4.789
26
3.292
1.863
JL«096_.
1.972
2.348
.262
.100
3.028
5.624
8.824
27
3.464
2.048
.725
1.662
2.373
.157
.053
1.174
5.302
4.477
28
3.116
2.477
1.569
1.236
3.317
.157
.210
2.803
5.894
4.150
29
4.001
1.718
1.255
1.204
1.485
.186
.053
2.940
5.435
5.207
30
4.786
1.863
2.810
1 • 519
3.630
.296
.148
3.189
4.475
4.407
31
2.224..
__..764
1,121,
._1,460_
....2.094
.277
.048
4.430
2.820
5.832
32
2.048
1.665
1.007
.972
1.621
.044
.053
3.604
2.261
2.889
33
2.107
1.048
2.199
1.125
3.328
.077
.100
2.354
1.181
2.487
34
2.215
1.097
1.511
.922
2.68-7
.087
2.531
1.466
_ 3.416
35
2.781
1.190
1.495
1376
1.829
.022
1.526
1.073
1.376
36
2.541
2.364
.858
.428
1.301
.661
.797
1.294
.766
.022,
.022
-•
.801
.251
.553
.508
2.101
37
1.442
.531
38
2.042
.618
.326
.246
.699
.417
.818
.909
.022
.391
.179
.305
.111
.468
39
1.424
.523
.140
40
1.832
.142
.618
.530
.585
.284
.315 •
.289
T 41
.295
.239
.123
.156
.567
.956
.086
- 42
.546
.334
.159
.247
.063
.072
.080
43
.379
.096
.123
.293
.072
.038
44
.495
.096
.397
.159
.045
45
.353
.190
.154
.082
46
.273
.055
.190
.048
.043_.
.080
.141
.128
47
- ">
.055
.143
*th
•
-
.
- .
I
Appendix Table 14. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
length
Xoa) —
5o
l
2
. 3
4
5
6
7
B
9
6o
1
2
3
. 4
-5
6
7
e
9
7o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
.055
.219
047
.080
.082
.041
048
.045
ength
65.541
27.96
27.685
28.49
24.926
30.44
45.612
23.32
77.399
23.70
8.900
20.91
1.267
25.38
37.547
29.67
100.602
23.40
112.072
24.19
laDie -l°« Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for summer flounder
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
1 •
Regions
j sn
1-
gth
m)
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
1
— •
- -
...
- • -
2
.
... — .
3
A
5
A
_ _
• -
- ---
- ■
— - -
-
7
8
--■•—■
— — — - -
■ ■
-■
9
10
11
12
13
14
- — —
—
— *
-
,
— _ _
-
zz
_ ._. . -
15
.
16
- - — —
- -
*-■
17
■
18
-- -
19
20
21
22
23
■
-24
25
— ■
. . _
26
...27
.139
.
28
29
.048
.072
30
.055
•154
.096
31
.055
.308
32
.245 __
_.. -I 42
.. .388
.070
.034
33
.160
.095
.458
34
.409
_ ..047
._._.150_._
»
.055
.034
-
35
.516
.455
.095
.308
-—.-■
.109
.219
.244
.253
.072
36
.048 ~
" .766
I 37
.460
.473
.238
.048
,069
38
.574
.095
.786.
.164
.388
.172
.050
39
.301
.696„
.310
.450
.210
40
.300
.861
.045
.429
.096
.154
.144
41
...
.080
.
.628
.196
.077
.069
42
.110
.047
.304 -
.235
.096
.077
.213
43
.165
.304
.264
.096
.317
44
.234
.402
.048
.073
45
.110
.048
.239
.320
.096
.103
46
.055
.. ...080
.164
.034
47
.175
.106
.034
■ — 4)
.136
.077
.038
'gth
-
J
UJM
Appendix Table 15. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
jngth
?
5o
1
2
3
A
5
6
7
8
9
6o
j
2
3
.- 4
.5
6
7
8
9
70
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
80
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
igth
— ■
056
■JLLCF
080
.055
.053
.080
_.1.59
.080
.034
.034
.034
.034
.154
.082
.048
055
.048
4.407
38.42
0.760
41.34
7.062
38.68
0.045
40.00
4.133
41.03
2.208
38.52
0.559
39.80
1.682
41.91
0.050
38.00
Table
16. Stratified mean number per tow (imtransformed) for American Plaice
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
>
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
l
2
3
._ __
— _ .
4
.070
5
.035
6
.100
7
—
.453
2.825
.035
.105
8
9
.221
2.199
10
.271
5.616
.045
.305
11
•I 25
2.185
.186
.810
12
.080
2.537
.618
1.722
13
...•176
.717
2.079
4.088
14
.161
2.603
2.822
2.955
15
1.145
7.496
2.781
2.736
16
3.000
11.773
1.516
1.022
17
.072
2.843
11.108
.398
.645
18
3.640
11.437
.477
2.344
,9
3.016
9.180
1,204
2.468
20
1.828
23.203
3.766
3.979
21
1.377
19.069
3.480
2.771
22
1.071
16.090
2.753
3.396
< 23
1.708
14.163
3.389
3.792
2i
1.919
12.462
1.058
4.544
25
1.974
9.898
.632
4.246
26
i
1.743
8.415
.673
4.142
27
.072
1.445
6.748
.979
3.574
28
1.810
4.679
.762
1.614
29
.909
2.584
.572
1.177
30
1.138
4.833
.718
1.807
31
.381
1.664
.978
.952
32
.391
1.821
.361
.510
33
.824
1.455
.367
.886
34
.243
1.720
.301
.485
35
.072
..-^292
.697
.115
.752
36
.303
.896
.150
.105
37
.231
.537
.035
.632
38
.076
.924
.035
.636
39
.035
.210
- .311
40
.105
.741
.231
41
.090
.171
42
.889
.105
43
.380
.040
44
.045
.339
45
.253
.040
46
.090
.020
47
.105
.125
-ML
.031
.051
h
Appendix Table 16 . ( Cont . )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
9
5o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6o
]
2
3
- 4
5
6
7
8
9
7o
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
80
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
,e ngth
072
.290
33.50
.QJ15
...03_5_
.140
35.021
22.58
169
060
060
205.388
21.35
' 3
.105
045
.105
.020
33.437
20.68
60.351
22.50
Table 17. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for witch flounder
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
ngth
•
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
2
-
— — —
— ■ — -
- - —
- -
—
-
3
4
—
— . _ .
5
6
7
- — ■
— — —
— -
... ... .
. ...
— . .. .
-
.8
9
-
— ■
• —
■
10
.
11
12
13
14
._
.. . . _
- - —
-
. .
. —
.020
15
-
.._. .
—
~ 16
. .......
—
i .,
17
. _
-
—
•
18
.020
19
.
20
.020
21
.
.
.020
.020
22
23
.020
—
.....
•■ ~-
.020
-24
25
.. _
_ .
26
-
.040
27
.124
.020
28
29
■i
.020
.120
30
.160
31
-
-
.200
.080
32
33
.200
34
•
s 035
- .120
35
.100
36
.084
37
.040
38
.120
39
.040
40
.020
.271
41
.169
.040
1 42
.169
.035
.020
43
.169
44
.045
.169
45
.035
46
.199
.105
47
.01+5
.045
M*
■ — ^_
.020
11
•Kh
-
Appendix Table 17. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
1 ength
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
' 3
4
5
|
t__
_
_ 9
5o
_.l
-
—
.337
.169
.169
»
-
-
.105
.105
....
.105
. 2
3
- 1-
—
....084-
.084
.031
4
5
- —
-i - —
.169
■
.
...
• -= —
• P.31
! 6
7
^ _ -
1
" .084
. .02Q
8
9
-■-•
.169
— ■
.168
6o
,105
]
..
.031
2
3
-■-
-
- 4
5
6
-— —
•-•
-
7
!
.....
8
i
*
9
...
7o
- •
2
3
' 4
_. _ _.
.
. ..
.
5
.
_ _ _. . ._
6
7
•
e
9
80
2
3
4
5
6
_
.
.
.
7
*» a
al
— -
0.125
2.446
0.115
2.476
ength
45.36
46.15
41.52
40.19
— ■
Appendix
Table 18. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for wmdowpane
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
1 n
' CI
5th
n)
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
5
•10?-
.308 _
—
.219 .
.656
— -
_1.386
-.3.571
.034
-
,050
e
..339.
872
.041
9
"-32*JL
.154
.154
.308
... .038
.031
.152
.358
.164
.290
.235
. 0.96__
.177
.038
.076
.076
.034
.079
_. _vo
.109_
.078
.233
.393
.149
11
.050
12
.143
.397
13
1.355
.099
14
.047
.090 _
.099
15
.21+0
■i
1.361
. • 041
.031
.055
.096
.121
.050
J6
17
.055
.318
i
j
i
.319
.080-
. .082
.041
_ .303
-.451
.022
-■ -
-
.082
18
.215
.313
.082
.765
. 077
- _
19
.271
.308
.076
.314
.022
...
•
.079
.059
20
21
.022
.166
.096
2.889
1.435
.041
-.079
.722
.420
.219
.693
.144
.077
.187
.291
22
.110
.047
5.344
.041
.312
.481
.183
.156
.390
23
.303
.857
3.049
.222
.667
.048
.241
.110
,416
21
.517
.807
ll._431
.052
.404
1.007
.106
.182
.575
25
1.245
2.560
12.966
.090
.315
.753
.105
,106
.155
.654
26
1.388
2.047
35.775
.079
1.004
1.074
.196
.087
.605
1.728
27
1.634
2.908
22.136
.176
1.578
.731
.297
.305
,114
.777
26
2.189
6.559
26.498
.333
1.429
,292
.297
1,101
.419
.962
29
2.016
4.997
14.395
.273
.540
.098
.431
1,438
. .252
.317
30
1.510
5.475
22.444
.210
.666
.109
.479
1.721
.255
.594
31
.818
4.044
3.277
.090
.228
.196
1.143
.149
.050
32
.790
5.519
5.281
.090
.195
,194
.148
11 v 324
.111
.281
33
.547
4.138
5.504
.129
.096
.642
,168
34
.487
1.953
4.170
.126
.055>
.096
.984
.111
.. .059
35
.191
1.101
5.911
.033
.096
.825
.111
36
.270
1.329
2.625
.096
..105
.228
.076
37
.465
.908
2.889
.033
.087
38
.215
.573
1.435
.048
39
.240
1.679
.141
40
.056
.288
.033
.087
41
.096
.034
43
.096
.034
«
1.201
45
.055
j 46
._ - .. .
_.__.Q9fi_
. i
_ . . . .
-
47
.080
•—
— —
-
11
17.530
46.922
196.995
2.002
10.532
8.806
2.975
16.831
3.723
8.215
%h
26.89
.30.11
27.79
25.03
24.82
20.48
28.17
22.25
25.13
24.84
Appendix
Table 19. Stratified mean number per tow (un trans formed) for Atlantic herring
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
F
ork
2
ngth
1
2
3
4
5
1 *
2
3
4
5
(
cm) i
2
3
•
— .....
-
.
4
• 111
5
1.058
6
1.003
7
• 056
...
-
8
9
.087
1.189
10
.
.130
4.709
11
2.461
12
..*Q8_2.„
1.115
13
.286
.725
.099-
14
-
1.898
-.084
15
2.980
.•084
.050
16
1.638
.041
|
17
.219
.992
.276
IB
.109
.343
1.375
19
.055
.105
.084
1.734
20
.070
.020
1.186
.040
21
.'i.04
.187
.040
22
.115
.041
.040
23
.070
.
.200
-24
.105
.559
25
.035 '
.240
26
.070
.060
27
.035
.020
28
i
<,.035
-
.020
29
.070
•
.020
30
j
.035
31
32
33
34
.035
*
35
36
37
38
39
40
.041
41
1
42
43
44
45
46
47
•— — 4R
:al
2.611
9.043
0.377
0.217
15.039
1.387
-ength
7.23
16.13
17.59
9.60
13.25
22.92
Table
20. Stratified mean number per tow ( unt ran s formed) for butterfish
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
c
gth
n)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
.
1.193
1.257
38.538
100.734
174.531
273.954
116.432
49.721
9.989 _
...9.678_
•_288
.719
3.425
11.536
_16_.919_
20. 875
14.442
11.388
~ 1.500
1.859
4.770
19.138
4.003
.284
.961
.290
.103
.721
1.896
.256
.460
.504
1.645
2.094
1.598
.834
.664
9
3
4
0.077
. .
__ —
6
.059
7
.050
8
9
10
11
12
13
.050
—
.031
.092
.153
- -
.347
.105
14
0.111
.831 .
.205
15
0.056
.762
1.905
16
17
0.110
- - —
.219
.164
.361
.020
. 18
. 19
.20
0.055
0.047
-
-
1.038
.040
.125
.200
2L
22
0.047
--
.041
22
._......
--
....
2A
. —
...
■ - -
25
. .
„ . _
....
26
27
■ — —
■ •-
.022
.022
28
29
..
30
.
. ... .. _.
_ ._
-. -
._
31
. _
. . . „_.
. -
— —
. — __. ....
32
. _._
.
_ .
33
... .
. . „
.. _. __
—
...
34
.. _ . _ ..
, __
„
«
-
35
... _. .. .
__ .
....
36
_ .
- ...
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
| 46
....
._. . .
__ .
47
—
0.1+09
0.095
777.326
81.092
31.306
12.574
3.563
'gth
15.37
.21.00
7.74
6.84
7.00
9.55
14.19
^m
fable 21. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for American sand lance
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
ength
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
._.
2
— —
_3
.
. 4.
5
0.055
0.192 _
Jj
0.048
2._462
—
..
-
- ■
8
9
—
.468
.473
.053
20.774
43,037
369,389
1371.459
.038
.347
61.980
.695
10
8.091
u
Q.?_13Q
14.841
12
469.423
0.047
9.582 .
, ,
516.080
18.564
13
628.833
58, 6 52. _
0^900 .
0.059
_
41.255
8.438
14
124.016
115..457
1_946-
-_
2.035
15
17.725
29.730
1.841
.347
16
12.942
1.221
17
0.261
0.229
IS
0.804
0.114
.347
19
0.130
20
0.261
2.
2.522
22
- 23
—
- --
- 24
25
26
27
...
.....
. . _
28
29
30
31
32
._......
...
.
.
33
34
*
35
....
36
. .
37
_. -
38
. .
39
... _ .
40
_ .
_ ._
41
_ _
. . _
42
...
43
44
45
<6
- .
47
H U.
•
U
1302.032
0.287
232.933
6.252
0.059
0.993
2361.994
0.038
53.707
««th
12.67
6.32
13.92
14.72
13.00
9.58
11.03
10.00
11.65
appendix
Table 22.
Stratified mean number per tow (un trans formed) for spiny dogfish
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
Cength
! -( cm) ■■
9
5o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
9
6o
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
70
.055
.080
.080
.080
.056
.022
.071
.221
.087
.797
.797
.957
.874
.229
2.473
1.179
7.754
9.671
.270
9.025
13.735
6.214
11.844
.229
7.111
5.658
.496
8.545
.229
6.092
.082
18.141
.082
2.400
10.000
.041
2.690
.041
13.560
.045
4.068
.082
6.232
.041
1.449
.537
4.924
.578
.020
nppeuuxA laDie **• <.cont. )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
9
9o
1
2
3
4
5
.6
7
6
.9
lQo
i
2
3
4
i
6
7
e
9
Ho
i
2
3
t
5
6
7
8
9
12 o
l
.055
.271
.204
.078
.201
.221
.153
.312
.453
.665
.321
.233
.503
.135
.187
.240
.066
.077
.055
.022
.047
.048
.048
.221
.353
.221
.353
.141
.592
.734
.565
.451
1.087
.159
1.034
.283
.424
.071
.141
.071
11.971
.164
29.590
.659
7.976
.619
10.114
.578
6.038
.474
3.358
.352
11.361
.933
5.043
.618
40.357
.393
11.632
.157
4.704
.082
19.623
.311
16.415
.041
5.739
.082
9.565
.082
4.783
.079
.957
4.783
.041
.063
.041
tal
Length
4.662
97.06
0.143
95.68
7.353
96.04
360.285
88.12
8.683
89.63
0.083
94.57
«^^— *-
LdD±e <-3'
btratinea mean numDer per tow (untransformed) for little skate
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
th
)
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
*
-
.082
10
.154
.038
11
12
'
.038
.266
13
.286
14
.462
.076
.247
.050
15
_ .462--
.444
16
.160
.048
.038
.162
17
.467
.178
.288
.050
18
.080
.154
.119
.529
19
.047
.388
.076
.119
.529
♦ 050
20
.135
.578
.191
.475
.072
.454
21
.135
.424
.082
.354
.199
22
1.100
.902
.041
.650
.050
23
1.242
.096
.918
.076
.119
.821
.050
24
1.051
.096
3.411
.055
.105
.072
.726
.126
25
1.235
.048
5.589
.079
.109
.105
.072
.850
.050
26
1.725
.048
6.033
.090
.152
.219
.053
.650
.149
27
1.393
.048
4.563
.055
.249
.564
.109
28
.887
.144
5.317
.297
.131
.249
.148
.605
.271
29
1.039
.144
7.339
.041
.178
.279
.441
.260
.724
.275
30
1.482
.095
6.252
.079
.119
.557
.100
.641
.479
.149
31
1.859
.096
8.984
.092
.033
.443
.105
.071
.495
,050
32
2.024
.239
10.217
.052
.360
.306
.210
.633
.407
.229
33
1.668
.096
8.362
.191
.211
.951
.292
.970
.414
.149
34
.887
.334
8.071
.179
.704
.507
.818
.585
35
1.399
.334
4.873
.128
.178
1.164
.769
.947
.525
.050
36
1.519
.429
6.279
.153
.182
.803
.402
1.266
.607
.212
37
1.897
.237
4.882
.166
.363
.694
.105
1.153
.425
.094
38
1.051
.192
2.277
.314
.063
.975
.580
.839
.346
.269
39
1.390
.143
2.074
.245
.787
.463
.456
1.634
40
2.940
2.351
.245
.274
1.189
.537
.308
.872
.031
41
1.352
.524
1.475
.156
.178
.959
.694
.508
.923
.031
42
1.672
.144
2.228
.114
1.869
.881
1.153
.650
43
1.912
.667
3.630
.363
.066
2.253
1.767
1.184
.736
.063
44
4.193
.479
4.453
.585
4.182
2.587
1.153
.880
.031
45
5.044
1.100
4.275
.261
.033
7.296
2.998
2.310
.985
.159
46
5.397
.958
4.618
.474
.066
9.175
4.046
3.152
1.370
.130
5^416 :
1.290
6.736
.776
.066
6.470
3.984
3.884
1.513
:W
- — ia.
3.752
.718
7.149
.287
.099
5.600
2.724
3.184
2.742
I
to Sth
Appendix Table 23. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
lei
Regions
igth
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
' 3
4
5
-V
9
2.093
.525
4.002
.514
3.463
1.950
2.234
v
2.335
,099
5o
1.296
.526
3.152
• .867
.262
1.325
1.130
1.677
2.806
.510
l
.546
1.236
.910
.228
.623
.441
.620
2.353
.298
2
.109
.047
.424
.694
.225
.449
.048
.179
1.575
.099
3
.095
.154
.308
.417
.106
1.459
.378
4
.076
.865
.060
.916
.258
5
.275
.361
-
.682 -
.149
6
.268
.162
.158
.099
7
.079
.162
.060
.113
8
.066
.031
9
.041
.033
.048
.059
. 6o
i
.050
2
3
1 - 4
1 ' 5
6
7
8
9
7o
1
t
2
3
4
*
5
6
7
-
8
9
80
1
2
3
4
5
1 6
7
61.082
9.985
145.315
9.725
6.707
53.204
28.568
30.071
38.139
5.372
*ugin
39.24
42.09
35.49
44.11
40.47
44.15
43.89
43.12
39,93
40.42
—
Table 24. Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for winter skate
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autumn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
jngth
cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-
11
12
13
14
15
.
_. -■■ — -
16
17
18
19
20
21
.022
.038
22
i
23
.041
24
25
1 "
.055
.033
.082
27
.041
28
.055
.048
.154
29
.080
.124
30
.189
.154
.066
.165
31
.164
1.708
.066
.206
.050
32
.459
2.062
.060
.124
33
.709
.937
.099
.077
.053
.082
.205
34
.953
.048
2.255
.202
.263
.145
:i65
.050
35
1.060
.095
3.442
.033
.066
.354
.077
.330
36
.891
.096
4.904
.090
.066
.596
.943
.303
.371
.149
37
1.059
.192
4.585
.114
.066
.393
.642
.632
.371
.050
38
.609
.143
2.784
.090
.066
.781
1.139
.457
.405
.317
39
.828
.240
3.127
.141
.033
.492
.900
,467
.554
.298
40
1.094
.240
5.413
.153
.066
.578
.922
.950
.354
.347
41
.828
.047
4.569
.114
.850
.991
1.294
.240
.099
42
.395
.238
3.629
.141
.066
.649
.870
.878
.124
.229
43
.456
.095
1.168
.141
.033
.333
.957
.463
.247
,149
44
.120
.096
3.370
.294
.096
.231
.301
.795
.082
.347
45
.430
.239
3.361
.066
.260
.904
1.139
.347
.149
46
.110
.047
3.889
.131
.218
.290
1.014
.721
.124
.050
47
.301
.334
3.275
.076
.059
.398
.655
1.377
.079
.291
.700
.096
3.101
.059
.523
.895
1 .RSI
.Q73
.208
H
%h
i
Appendix Table 24. (Cont.)
SPRING
AUTUMN
*
Regions
1 iength
(f"TTl)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
' 3
4
5
j
9
.243
.191
1.132
-
.410
.664
1.295
.034
.168
5o
.486
.335
2.007
.038
.159
.120
.411
1.246
.034
.050
l
.056
.191
2.444
.096
.263
1.373
.099
2
.166
.096
1.522
.038
.252
.164
.249
1.204
.034
3
.222
.048
1.464
.063
.164
.406
1.684
.050
4
.056
.096
2.047
.122
.345
.965
.050
5
.133
.095
1.792
.063
.055
.301
.869
_.075_.
J)50 -
6
.247
1.790
.251
.077
.445
1.831
.113
7
.022
.143
1.366
.258
.055
.253
1.777
.073
,285
8
.056
.143
1.486
.063
.164
.349
1.439
.080
9
.080
.144
1.078
.063
.109
.244
1.536
.099
6o
.510
.144
2.181
.129
.055
.340
3.465
.105
l
.157
.728
.055
.244
2.934
,034
2
.111
.048
.766
.055
.301
1.532
.041
3
.048
.774
.273
.105
1.222
.034
- 4
.056
.144
.928
.164
.096
1.979
.034
5
.078
.142
1.083
.055
.148
1.762
6
.055
.143
1.096
.333
.301
1.176
7
.296
.095
1.873
.120
.201
2.149
.034
1 8
.192
.047
.437
.373
.048
2.839
.041
9
.110
.643
.096
0.830
.034
7o
.580
.143
.141
.164
.192
2.518
.034
i
.111
.286
.295
.055
.053
.888
.034
2
.246
.047
.335
1.453
3
.055
.047
.339
.219
.563
4
*
.531
.109
.053
1.588
5
.110
.154
.055
.096
1.035
.034
6
.096
.290
.033
.109
.053
.305
.034
j 7
.056
.130
.033
1.815
8
.136
.095
.264
.109
1.390
9
.571
.219
1.489
80
1
.056
.111
.431
.283
.033
.164
.378
.048
.745
.374
2
.136
.095
.607
.033
.403
.048
1.361
3
.216
.095
.495
.055
.183
4
.111
.144
.123
.055
.048
.744
5
.239
.275
.139
.231
1
.192
.144
.295
.038
.324
.308
7
.055
.143
.096
.185
.908
.055
.194
.214
.237
.113
1
ngth
L
Appendix Table 24. (Cont. )
SPRING
AUTUMN
Regions
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
1
9
.056
.048
.339
•
*
.055
.048
.212
.034
9o
l
.056
.238
.048
.797
.221
.038
.033
.033
.141
.998
.034
2
.056
.096
.397
.033
.816
.063
3
.048
1.085
.141
4
.048
.777
.055
.043
5
..111
.975
—
.141
.6
.048
.295
.033
.393
7
.048
.116
.063
.213
8
.353
.055
.850
.9
.096
.141
.154
IQo
i
.080
.033
.048
2
.141
3
4
.592
5
.159
1 7
E
.080
lie
1
2
3
>
5
6
7
8
9
12 o
1
2
3
<
c
t
6
!
.7
1
17.347
6.976
99.725
-1.638
3.074
12.545
18.299
68.212
5.594
4.199
Igth
47.67
60.99
51.33
44.15
53.02
54.50
47.63
63.26
42.15
45.68
Table 25
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for longfin squid
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and aut'imn, 1982 #
Dorsal
to-tle
SPRING
Regions
AUTUMN
£ngtn
•
(cm)
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
i
.056
" .801
.i.~245
1.044
.446
.863
2.827
" 1.101
.622
.080
.638
.717
.154-
59.769
129.060
121.739
199.611
162.747
74.083
29.411
311.556
177_.538__
152.848
119.941
7 . 314
175,991
195.371
55. 886
25.228
.477
73.661
230.229
370.144
199.450
84.387
2
4
- -
.245
1.558.
2.605
5
T~
- • -
.994
A
32.802
8.662
.142
7
8
.390
.749
.381
.240
.239
. .. —
43.357
31.661
14.431
7.557
6.003
2.793
21.672
5.256
.031
.031
9
.556
.285
.221
23.052
2.217
1.282
.061
10
,74.3_
. .762
1.234
7.943
2.532
1.355
.123
11
1.050
1.-049
.154
1.459
.258
.165
.031
12
1.605
2.143
.154
9.803
.048
.165
.063
13
.778
.834
.'668
1.519
.616
- -
1.415
.120
.048
.205
.038
.034
.073
.031 "
14
15
1.807
1.140
.924
.063
16
.056
1.043
.616
2.623"
I. T048_.
.038
17.
.334
.666
.770
.069
i.
.111
.666
.462
.063
..
.056
.759
.308
.
20
.111
.477
.542
21
.056
.190
.308
22
23
.381
.189
.308
.616
- 24
.056
.095
.462
_ ..
!
25
.236
.462
2«
.189
.154
27
.190
.462
28
.095
.770
29
.142
.154
30
.095
.462
31
.095
.308
32
/047
.462
33
.047
.462
34
35
. 616 ~
36
.616
37
.154
38
.
39
40
_•
41
42
43
44
< 5
1 46
-
47
— ■IB
- - -
u
11.746
20.338
13.603
868.443
851.442
477.248
988.494
6.040
; ngth
9.67
12.38
20.73
4.35
3.30
2.96
4.10
4.51
ftp >endix
'Table 26,
Stratified mean number per tow (untransformed) for American lobster
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and aut'Jim, 1982. ,
SPRING
-
.-
AUTUMN
Carapace
Regions
Length
(nun}
1
3
u
5
•
1
5
3
H
5
^__L
.. . - - ....
—
.
—
--
.... ?
3
4
------
-.-
—
5
6
7
6
*
- •
—
-
_ — . —
9
-—-
' -
— - - - ■
10
11
._
. — .
— — —
. ..
— ..
12
.
.
4» ... -
—
13
.
.
—
-
.14
......
.
- -
-
- -
-15
- - —
-i
--
._ _ ...
16
. _- U
.
17
-
- —
...
■ -
-
■
18
- " -
....
19
•
- - -
20
■ ■ -
..
21
- -
22
. .. .
23
...
• — ... —
24
. ..
..
— -
25
—
..
26
_ —
... ■._ .-
27
- . —
.. ...
-
»
29
... _..
...
.069
30
...
31
_
32
_
._
_.
- -
33
34
35
.055
(.1
»
.103
36
* i.
.275
37
.344
36
39
40
• H g
.103
.189
41
42
43
44
*
46
48
49
.022
.048
- —
.119
.152
.033
.055
.055
.137
.069
.069
.103
.110
.213
.221
.176
.252
.050
.050
50
.055
.038
.119
.055
.176
.050
^
1
Appendix Table 26. (Cont.)
American lobster, 1982
SPRING
AUTUMN
japace
Regions
gth
1
a
4
5
•
1
a
u
5
li.
J
,124
. .148
,320
,485
,.03.6
.148
.055
,099
.270
.237
,126
—
.076
.050
.176
a
_.2_62_
. jtOafiL.
.356
.237
- - --
_..3Q1
,480
.107
.061
.038
—
— — - — - -
.048
.458
6
.128
.270
•211
.279
.275
.225
.055
.487
''
.022
.128
__.4„22
.211
.055
.077
.744
.150
.354
.216
.166
.395
;
.131
.055
.055
_.._.. .
.083
.653
.640
.607
.696
.022
_.070
. -
.385
.320
. .153
.379"
■'
.041
.312
.076
.454
.584
7
.055
.508
.183
.282
.077
_..._..
... — .
.038
.038
.686
.686
.070
.277
.145
.440
.149
7o
.055
.515
-
.314
.690
.080
.047
—
. .079
.076
,_567.
.548
.548.
•
.198
.192
.117
.468
.645
.530
- *
.022 _
...__......
— _
.083
508
.518
-- -
—
.401
.076
.489
.653
6
.043
.038
.447
.055
.123
.613
! 7
.038
.277
.022
.311
.657
'
.055
;.080
.079
.747
.363
.083
.076
.938
.393
80
;
•
- - ■
.045
.045
.096
.152
.033
.'119
-
.744
.243
.076
.122
.086
.079
.079
.041
.565
.437
.608
.245
.296
.332
.377
1 8
- - -— —
.041
.266
.038
.332
.446
.394
9
.117
.082
.690
\
.072
.038
.287
.127
.084
.020
.048
.038
.045
.170
.503
.420
.325
.113
.020
.109
_
—
— , — , -
- •
.045
.050
1 1
1
- -
• - - —
•
.031
.048
<
.050
10 (
1
»— —
- ■ -
.020
*HM
MOT
Appendix Table 26. (Cont.)
American lobster, .1982
- SPRING
AUTUMN
rapace
Regions
igth
1
2
3
4
5
I
2
3
4
5
10J-.
2
3
4
5
6
.050
— -
.084
.045
.050
.048
—
,176_
—
... .
—
—
7
8
9
110
11
12
13
—
—
■
- ■
- - - - ■
-
.041
»
.031
.. ._ . _
. -
—
14
15
•
—
.033
16
17
- - •
IB
-
19
. .
120
21
•
.048
22
. . . — -
-
-
. ._
23
-
24
----- --■•--
-■
25
_...
26
_ .
17
28
_
| 29
130
-■
156
. ._.
5 156 mm
•
.077
1
1
1.107
0.191
0.196
1.454
13.736
0.657
0.144
1.565
10.378
17.634
\%
60.84
69.74
82.74
67.48
69.48
59.18
104.67
77.08
62.33
75.25
u
Appendix ^^
^TaLie 27.
Stratified mean number per tow (untrans formed) for Rock crab
length frequency intervals for regions 1-5, Massachusetts inshore
bottom trawl survey, spring and autv.nn, 1982.
SPRING
AUTUMN
.-apace
RftRinns ■
idth
lm)
_i
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
•
1
2
3
4
5
• 912
~2.488
2.481
*4.368
.041
__±1?1_.
__..399_
_._^ioa
_ -568
2.128
.048
.087
.283
.272
. . 4.199
10.532
1Q...812
.412_
.313__.
1.297 ..
13.390
32.494
. .154
.142
.238
.234
1.643
.103_
,75J5._..
__^.oa3_
.099 .
.199
.286
.096
4.542
._. 5.013 .
._ 7.616.
10.466_
.048
_ 1.329
3.963
10.436
9.553
.414
622_
__l._35fL.
._ . .938
1.806
1.562
_H.Q19_.
.095
5.675
6.354
.096
__„a,3Q8
_ .225
2. 504
20.487
9
.10
11
12
13
2.592
.048
7.585
4_._803_
4.545
3.366
._288__
..5.28.
.205
.063
6.430
.3.249
._ 3.482
.231
.345
.358
.292
8.208
4.447
1.407
.807
.371
.072
26.694
11 . 746
4.947
3.108
1.134
9.772
3.382
4.811
2.044
1.007
1.788 _
3.632
.911
•102
.750
.841
_ ^153
1.881
—
.
.865
.094
u
. .
.038
.031
15
16
17
- - ■
' -
.153
.079
18
—
19
—
20
-
21
-
22
- - -
23
. . —
.24
._ .
._.. -. -
25
-
26
. . .
—
27
_
. . . -
_
28
.
._.
.■.._ _ .
29
30
31
32
33
34
V
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4S
46
! o
_
r 41 -
29.653
1.000
43.812
15.021
1.441
21.081
4.224
41.235
121.348
49.422
"Sth
7.46
5.24
7.62
. 9.25
9.46
8.48
7.97
8.04
7.34
8.65
ACME
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